Statistics

• What is quantitative data?

  Numerical observations or measurements
• What is qualitative data?

  Non-numerical observations
• How can quantitative data be classified?

  As continuous or discrete
• What is continuous data?

  Data that can take any value on a scale
• What is discrete data?

  Data that can only take particular values
• What is categorical data?

  Data sorted into non-overlapping categories
• What is ordinal data?

  Data that can be ordered or rated numerically
• What does bivariate data involve?

  Pairs of related data
• What does multivariate data involve?

  Sets of three or more related data values
• What is primary data?

  Data collected by the user
• What is secondary data?

  Data collected by someone else
• What is a population in data collection?

  Everything that could be involved in an investigation
• What is a census?

  A survey of the whole population
• What happens if a sample is not representative?

  It is biased
• How does sample size affect reliability?

  Larger samples yield more reliable results
• What are sampling units?

  People or items to be sampled
• What is a sampling frame?

  A list of people or items to be sampled
• What is the Petersen capture-recapture formula used for?

  Estimating population size
• What is a stratified sample?

  A random sample from each population stratum
• What is a questionnaire?

  A set of questions designed to obtain data
• What is an open question?

  A question with no suggested answers
• What is a closed question?

  A question with given answers to choose from
• What is a pilot survey?

  A small sample test of survey design
• What is an outlier?

  A value that does not fit the data pattern
• How can data be cleaned?

  By identifying extreme values and errors
• What are extraneous variables?

  Variables that could affect the experiment's results
• What is a control group?

  A group not subject to investigation factors
• What is a hypothesis?

  A statement made as a starting point
• What is a database?

  A collection of information
• What does a two-way table show?

  Information in two categories
• What do tables provide?

  Exact data values for categories
• What is bivariate data?

  Data with two variables
• What is a pictogram?

  A chart using symbols to represent items
• What is a bar chart?

  A chart with equal width bars for frequency
• How does a vertical line graph differ from a bar chart?

  It uses lines instead of bars
• What are multiple bar charts?

  Charts with more than one bar per category
• What is a composite bar chart?

  A chart comparing data in a single divided bar
• What do bar charts and vertical line graphs show?

  Trends and patterns in data
• What does a stem and leaf diagram show?

  Numerical data split into a stem and leaves
• How is a back-to-back stem and leaf diagram structured?

  Shows two data sets with the same stem