cognitive approach

• What does the cognitive approach focus on studying?

  Internal mental processes
• Why do cognitive psychologists believe internal mental processes should be studied scientifically?

  Because they can be inferred from behavior
• What are some internal mental processes studied by cognitive psychologists?

  Memory, perception, and thinking
• How do cognitive psychologists view the processing of information?

  As affecting behavior
• Which approach ignored the study of internal mental processes?

  Behaviorism
• Why do cognitive psychologists prefer objective methods?

  To ensure scientific investigation of mental processes
• What analogy do cognitive psychologists use to describe the mind?

  Computer analogy
• What does the computer analogy suggest about the mind?

  The mind processes information like a computer
• What is the role of schemas in cognitive psychology?

  • Frameworks for organizing information
  • Help interpret beliefs and expectations
  • Formed through experience and become detailed
  • Can distort interpretations leading to errors
• What did Allport and Postman's experiment demonstrate about schemas?

  They can distort memory based on expectations
• What is the Information Processing Approach?

  It describes information flow through cognitive stages
• How do computer models contribute to cognitive psychology?

  They help infer internal mental processes
• What does cognitive neuroscience study?

  The influence of brain structure on mental processes
• How have brain imaging techniques advanced cognitive neuroscience?

  They help understand brain activity during tasks
• What did Tulving's research reveal about long-term memories?

  Different types are located in different brain areas
• How do cognitive tests help in studying brain-damaged patients?

  They reveal cognitive functions affected by damage
• In the experiment comparing problem-solving conditions, how many problems were solved in condition A?

  204 problems
• What was the total number of problems given to children in the experiment?

  450 problems
• What percentage of problems were solved in condition B?

  $72\%$
• What was the mean number of problems solved in condition A?

  $13.6$
• What are the practical applications of the cognitive approach?

  • Development of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
  • Effective treatment for depression, anxiety, OCD
  • Changes how individuals process information
• What is a strength of the cognitive approach regarding research methods?

  It uses highly controlled and rigorous methods
• What is a criticism of the cognitive approach related to ecological validity?

  Lab settings may not reflect real-life processing
• What does machine reductionism criticize about the cognitive approach?

  It ignores emotions and motivations in processing
• What is the central processing unit in the computer analogy?

  Brain
• What is coding in the context of cognitive psychology?

  Turning information into a usable format
• How do cognitive psychologists view the mind's operation?

  Similar to a computer's processing