Paper 2 geog

• What is urbanization?

  Growth of people living in urban areas
• What percentage of the world lives in urban areas?

  About 55 percent
• How does the rate of urbanization differ between richer and poorer countries?

  Richer countries have lower rates of urbanization
• What is the urbanization rate in higher income countries like the UK and Japan?

  Roughly 80 percent
• Why do lower income countries have a high rate of urbanization?

  They are currently experiencing urbanization
• What percentage of the population in Ethiopia and Afghanistan live in urban areas?

  About 30 percent
• What characterizes newly emerging economies in terms of urbanization?

  They experience rapid economic development
• What percentage of the population in Brazil and China live in urban areas?

  About 50 percent
• What is rural to urban migration?

  Movement of people from countryside to city
• What are push factors in rural to urban migration?

  Factors that encourage people to leave an area
• What are pull factors in rural to urban migration?

  Factors that encourage people to move into an area
• What are the differences between push and pull factors in migration?

  • Push factors:
  • Encourage leaving an area
  • Examples: natural disasters, fewer jobs, lack of education
  • Pull factors:
  • Encourage moving into an area
  • Examples: more jobs, better healthcare, family reunification