Anxiety

• What was the focus of Johnson & Scott's (1978) study?

  Weapon focus
• What were the two anxiety conditions in Johnson & Scott's study?

  Low anxiety and high anxiety
• What did participants hear in the low anxiety condition of Johnson & Scott's study?

  A casual conversation
• What did participants see in the low anxiety condition of Johnson & Scott's study?

  A man with a pen
• What was the correct identification percentage in the low anxiety condition?

  49%
• What did participants hear in the high anxiety condition of Johnson & Scott's study?

  A heated argument and breaking glass
• What did participants see in the high anxiety condition of Johnson & Scott's study?

  A man with a knife covered in blood
• What method did Valentine & Mesout (2009) use to divide participants?

  Measured heart rate
• What was the correct identification percentage in the high anxiety condition?

  33%
• What was the outcome of Valentine & Mesout's study regarding anxiety and recall?

  Clear disruption in recall ability
• What was the focus of Pickel's (1998) experiment?

  Items in a hairdressing salon
• What were the items used in Pickel's experiment?

  Scissors, handgun, wallet, raw chicken
• What did Pickel find regarding accuracy of EWT?

  Significantly poorer in high unusualness
• How does Pickel's study relate to weapon focus?

  Suggests unusual items affect recall
• What event did Yuille & Cutshall (1986) study?

  A real-life fatal shooting
• How many witnesses were interviewed in Yuille & Cutshall's study?

  13 out of 21 witnesses
• When were witnesses interviewed after the incident in Yuille & Cutshall's study?

  4-5 months after
• What did Yuille & Cutshall compare in their study?

  Original police interviews and follow-up interviews
• What scale did witnesses use to rate stress levels in Yuille & Cutshall's study?

  7-point scale
• What was the accuracy of witnesses who reported high stress in Yuille & Cutshall's study?

  88% accuracy
• What was the accuracy of witnesses who reported lower stress in Yuille & Cutshall's study?

  75% accuracy
• What are the key findings from the studies on anxiety and eyewitness testimony?

  • Johnson & Scott: Weapon focus affects recall accuracy.
  • Valentine & Mesout: High anxiety disrupts recall.
  • Pickel: Unusual items reduce EWT accuracy.
  • Yuille & Cutshall: High stress correlates with better accuracy.
• Who conducted the study on weapon focus?

  Aol-Johnson and Scott
• What were the two groups in Aol-Johnson and Scott's study?

  low anxiety and high anxiety
• What did the low anxiety group see in the study?

  A man with grease and a pen
• What did the high anxiety group experience?

  A heated argument and breaking glass
• What was the main finding of Pickel's 1998 experiment?

  Accuracy of eyewitness testimony was poorer in unusual conditions
• How does Pickel's study challenge Johnson and Scott's weapon focus claim?

  It suggests unusualness, not weapon focus, affected accuracy
• What items did Pickel use in his experiment?

  Scissors, handgun, wallet, raw chicken
• What was the strength of Valentine and Mesout's study?

  Measured heart rates to divide anxiety groups
• What did Valentine and Mesout's results suggest about anxiety and eyewitness testimony?

  High anxiety negatively affects recall ability
• In which location did Valentine and Mesout conduct their study?

  London's Labyrinth
• What was the main focus of the studies discussed in the material?

  Factors affecting eyewitness testimony