History - Civil Rights (11-14)

• How many major riots occurred between 1964 and 1968 in America?

  329 major riots
• What were the main causes of the riots from 1964 to 1968?

  Problems faced by black people in ghettos
• In which areas did the biggest riots occur?

  Watts, Chicago, and Detroit
• Why did the riots typically occur in the summer?

  Heat worsened ghetto conditions and tempers
• What was the employment situation for black people during this period?

  Low-paid, unskilled jobs and high unemployment
• What role did government discrimination play in the riots?

  City officials ignored complaints from black communities
• How did police discrimination contribute to the riots?

  Riots were sparked by police violence against blacks
• What were the conditions of schools in black ghettos?

  Rundown, poorly equipped, and poorly funded
• What type of housing did black people often live in?

  Cramped, poor-quality, and overpriced housing
• What were the impacts of the riots on society?

  • Increased membership in Black Power groups
  • Some white opposition to equality grew
  • Highlighted ghetto problems
  • Prompted President Johnson to allocate more funds
  • Martin Luther King campaigned in the North
• What did the Kerner Report conclude about the riots?

  Caused by poor ghetto conditions and discrimination
• What did the Kerner Report recommend regarding white officials?

  They should listen to black people and act
• How did the police contribute to the riots according to the Kerner Report?

  Police treated black people unfairly and escalated violence
• How did the media portray the riots according to the Kerner Report?

  The riots were exaggerated in the media
• What campaign did Martin Luther King join in Chicago in 1966?

  Campaign for fairer housing
• What was King's goal in the Chicago campaign?

  To show non-violent protest could succeed
• What challenges did the SCLC face in Chicago?

  Resistance from black politicians and gangs
• What happened before the marches in Chicago?

  A riot broke out, leading to state troops being called
• What was the outcome of King's campaign in Chicago?

  It was seen as a failure due to violence
• When was Martin Luther King assassinated?

  April 4th, 1968
• What was the short-term impact of King's assassination?

  Riots occurred across America
• What significant legislation was passed after King's death?

  The 1968 Civil Rights Act
• What were the long-term impacts of King's assassination?

  • Decreased white support for civil rights
  • Increased radicalization among black Americans
  • SNCC shifted from non-violent to militant tactics
• What major protest issue emerged in the late 1960s?

  The Vietnam War and its implications
• What reforms did President Nixon implement for black Americans?

  Encouraged business ownership and affirmative action
• What did Nixon do regarding the Voting Rights Act in 1970?

  Edited it to ban literacy tests
• What was the status of equality for black Americans by 1975?

  Equality had not been achieved
• What ongoing issues did black Americans face by 1975?

  • Continued living in ghettos
  • Police harassment
  • Lower wages compared to whites
  • Desegregation not beneficial for all