Fight or Flight

• What is the fight-or-flight response?

  A physiological reaction to perceived threats
• Why does the fight-or-flight response make sense from an evolutionary perspective?

  It prepares the body to survive threats
• What happens to the body during a fight-or-flight response?

  Heart rate and breathing rate increase
• How does modern stress differ from evolutionary stressors?

  Modern stressors are often non-physical threats
• What are some positive effects of short-term stress?

  Increased alertness and quick thinking
• What triggers chronic stress in modern life?

  Worries about bills and exams
• What is the HPA axis?

  Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis
• What hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex during stress?

  Cortisol
• What does the sympathetic adrenal medulla pathway release?

  Adrenaline and noradrenaline
• What are the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the body?

  Increased blood flow and faster breathing
• How does chronic stress affect the immune system?

  It suppresses immune function
• What physical problems can chronic stress lead to?

  Heart disease and obesity
• What alternative response do women have to stress according to Taylor (2000)?

  Tend-and-befriend response
• Why is the tend-and-befriend response beneficial?

  It improves social connections for survival
• What are some tips for managing stress effectively?

  • Focus on deep, slow breathing
  • Practice mindfulness techniques
  • Engage in regular exercise
  • Listen to relaxing music
  • Ensure adequate sleep
  • Maintain a healthy diet
  • Talk to friends or family
• What is a common symptom of chronic stress?

  Increased anxiety and high blood pressure
• How can deep breathing help with stress?

  It decreases heart rate and calms the body
• How does social connection help in managing stress?

  It provides support and reduces feelings of isolation