memory

• What is the definition of short term memory (STM)?

  Limited capacity memory store
• How are memories in short term memory typically forgotten?

  They are brief and quickly forgotten
• What is the main coding method for short term memory?

  Acoustic (sound)
• What is the average capacity of short term memory?

  Between 5 and 9 items
• What is the duration of short term memory?

  Between 18 and 30 seconds
• What is the definition of long term memory (LTM)?

  Permanent memory store
• How long can memories last in long term memory?

  Even a lifetime
• What is the main coding method for long term memory?

  Semantic (meaning)
• What is the capacity of long term memory?

  Unlimited capacity
• What does coding refer to in memory systems?

  Format in which information is stored
• What happens to information once it gets into memory systems?

  It is stored in different formats
• What is the process of coding in memory?

  Converting information from one format to another
• What was the method used in Baddeley's research on coding?

  • Gave different lists of words to participants
  • Participants recalled words immediately after hearing
  • Participants recalled words after a 20-minute interval
• What were the results of Baddeley's research on STM and LTM recall?

  • STM recall: worse with acoustically similar words
  • LTM recall: worse with semantically similar words
• What is the definition of capacity in memory?

  Amount of information
• What did Miller research regarding STM?

  Capacity of STM
• What does 'the magical number 7' refer to in Miller's research?

  Capacity of STM
• What concept did Miller investigate in relation to STM?

  Chunking
• Whose research did Miller's work resemble?

  Jacobs (1887)
• What aspect of memory did Baddeley research?

  Coding in STM
• How did Baddeley find words were coded in STM?

  Acoustically
• How did Baddeley find information was coded in LTM?

  Semantically
• What type of word lists did Baddeley use in his research?

  Words like cat, mat, hat, chat
• What did Peterson & Peterson research?

  Duration of STM
• What type of syllables did Peterson & Peterson use in their research?

  Consonant syllables
• What method did Peterson & Peterson use to prevent rehearsal?

  Counting backwards
• How long does STM last according to Peterson & Peterson?

  About 18 seconds
• What is a strength of the multi-store model?

  Research evidence supports different types of store
• How did Miller investigate the capacity of the multi-store model?

  By researching chunking
• What does Miller's research support about the multi-store model?

  It supports the view of different types of stores
• Why might the experiments supporting the multi-store model lack ecological validity?

  They are not applicable to real-life situations
• What type of evidence further supports the multi-store model?

  Particular case studies
• What did the case study of H.M. demonstrate about memory?

  He could not form new long-term memories
• How did H.M.'s recall improve during a task?

  He drew a star within the gap after attempts
• What evidence challenges the simplicity of the multi-store model?

  Case studies show memory complexity
• What did the case study of C.W. reveal about short-term memory?

  C.W. could not form new long-term memories
• What limitation is associated with case studies in memory research?

  Results cannot be generalized to the population
• What is a weakness of the multi-store model regarding rehearsal?

  More rehearsal does not guarantee long-term memory
• What did Craik and Watkins discover about rehearsal types?

  There are maintenance and elaborative rehearsal types
• What is maintenance rehearsal?

  A type that does not transfer to long-term memory