The Endocrine System

Cards (28)

  • What system releases hormones into the bloodstream?

    Endocrine system
  • How do hormones differ from neurotransmitters?

    Hormones are released by glands, not neurons
  • What effects do hormones have on the body?
    They have profound and long-lasting effects
  • What are the major functions regulated by the endocrine system?
    • Metabolism
    • Growth
    • Sleep
    • Reproduction
    • Emotions
    • Behavior
  • How many major glands are in the endocrine system?
    Eight major glands
  • What is the pituitary gland often referred to as?
    Master gland
  • Why is the pituitary gland called the master gland?
    It influences hormone release by other glands
  • What hormone does the pituitary gland release during the fight-or-flight response?
    ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)
  • What is the function of the hypothalamus?
    Maintains homeostasis and regulates the endocrine system
  • What hormone does the hypothalamus release?
    CRH (Corticotropin-releasing hormone)
  • What does the pineal gland regulate?
    Sleep patterns and circadian rhythms
  • What hormone is released by the pineal gland?
    Melatonin
  • What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?
    Influences metabolic rate
  • What hormones does the thyroid gland release?
    Thyroid hormones
  • What is the role of the thymus gland?
    Stimulates development of T-cells for immunity
  • What hormone is associated with the thymus gland?
    Thymosin
  • What does the pancreas regulate?
    Blood sugar levels
  • What hormones does the pancreas release?
    Insulin and glucagon
  • What is the function of the adrenal glands?
    Release cortisol and adrenaline during stress
  • Where are the adrenal glands located?
    On top of each kidney
  • What hormones do the testes produce?
    Testosterone
  • What hormones do the ovaries produce?
    Estrogen
  • What are the key glands and hormones to focus on for revision?
    • Pituitary gland: ACTH
    • Pancreas: Insulin, glucagon
    • Adrenal glands: Cortisol, adrenaline
    • Sex glands: Testosterone, estrogen
  • How long has the term hormone been in use?
    Just over 100 years
  • What ancient practice involved hormones?
    Chinese healers extracted sex hormones from urine
  • How long has diabetes been diagnosed?
    Over 2,000 years
  • Who popularized the diagnosis of diabetes?
    Hippocrates
  • What are the historical methods for diagnosing diabetes?
    • Tasting urine for sweetness
    • Observing symptoms of excessive thirst