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Sociology
Families and households
childhood
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Cards (47)
What do sociologists argue about childhood?
Childhood is a
social construct
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How do children differ from adults according to sociologists?
In their
values
,
behaviour
, and attitudes
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Is childhood viewed the same way in all parts of the world?
No, childhood is not
universal
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What has changed in the U.K regarding the age to leave education?
The age has changed from
12
to
18
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What was the minimum legal age for marriage before 1929 in England and Wales?
Girls could marry at
12
, boys at
14
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Who highlighted the separateness of childhood from other life phases?
Jane Pilcher
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What are children regulated and protected by?
Special
laws
that differ from adults
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What did Aries study to understand childhood?
Paintings
from
different
historical periods
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According to Aries, when did the concept of childhood in Western society begin?
In the last
300
years
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How did children appear in medieval paintings according to Aries?
As
mini-adults
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What change occurred in social attitudes with industrialization?
Children began to be
valued
for care
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What did Aries refer to as the 'cult of childhood'?
The growing importance of childhood care
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Who criticized Aries' work and why?
Pollack
criticized him for using
paintings
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What does the 'march of progress' argument suggest?
Children's
status
has
improved
over time
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Who is associated with the 'march of progress' view?
Shorter
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What did Donzelot argue about child development theories in the 19th century?
They began to emphasize
protection
and supervision
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What was the infant mortality rate in 1901?
150
deaths per
1000
children
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What was the infant mortality rate in 2012?
3.9
deaths per
1000 children
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How have family sizes changed over time?
Families are getting
smaller
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What does the 'march of progress' view suggest about parents' desires for their children?
Parents want a
better
life
for their children
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What laws protect children in society?
Laws
restricting
sexual behaviour and work
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What does the Children’s Act (1989) allow?
State to take children from
unsuitable
parents
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What percentage of children under 16 experienced sexual abuse according to Cawson et al (2000)?
16%
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What do child liberationists believe about society's treatment of children?
Society
oppresses
children
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What is 'age patriarchy' according to Diana Gittins?
Adults
maintain authority over children
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What did Hockey and James note about childhood?
Children
wish to escape childhood
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How does childhood vary according to class?
Poverty
affects
health
and
life chances
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What percentage of children in the U.K lived in low-income households in 2013-2014?
17%
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How do Asian families differ in their treatment of children according to Julian Brannen?
Stricter with
daughters
than sons
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What did Hillman et al. (1990) find about parental freedom given to boys and girls?
Boys
receive more freedom than girls
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What did Bonke find about household chores among children?
Girls
do more chores than
boys
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How does Wagg describe the construction of childhood?
It varies across
historical
and
cultural
societies
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What responsibilities do children in Bolivia have according to Punch?
Work responsibilities from age
5
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How do children from Sudan differ from those in Western societies according to Katz?
More
freedom
to explore their area
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What do some sociologists argue about Western childhood?
It is projected onto
different cultures
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What does Judith Ennew say about humanitarian work related to childhood?
It
often
assumes
Western childhood
is
correct
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How is British society described in terms of childhood focus?
More
child-focused
than
ever
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What international agreement recognizes children's unique human rights?
United
Convention
on the Rights of the
Child
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What did the Child Support Act 1991 establish?
Legal right for children to
financial support
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What is 'pester power' in relation to children?
Children
pressure
parents to
buy
products
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