gender roles

• What led to the rise of joint conjugal roles?

  The rise of the nuclear family
• What are conjugal roles?

  Roles of husband and wife in the household
• Who studied job allocation in modern industrial Britain?

  Elizabeth Bott
• What are the two ways household jobs can be shared?

  • Segregated roles: distinct responsibilities for each partner
  • Joint roles: flexible and shared responsibilities
• What did Wilmott & Young study about British families?

  The transition from extended to nuclear families
• What did Wilmott & Young predict about family responsibilities?

  Equal and shared responsibilities would become the norm
• What criticism did Oakley have regarding Wilmott and Young's study?

  It overlooked the time spent on housework
• What did Oakley find about men's housework contributions?

  It was rare for men to do much housework
• What has changed in family structures since early studies?

  More families have both partners working
• What did Edgell find regarding joint conjugal roles?

  No families had joint roles in housework
• What did Dunne's study of lesbian households reveal?

  Responsibilities were often equal between partners
• What was the sample size of the British Social Attitudes Survey in 2012?

  About 3000 people
• What percentage of people agreed women should stay home in the BSAS 2012?

  Less than 15%
• What is emotional work in the family?

  Managing family members' emotions and distress
• Who described the 'economy of emotion' in families?

  Diane Bell
• What did Duncombe and Marsden find about women's work in families?

  Women often perform a triple shift of work
• How did industrialization affect the role of housewives?

  Created a socially constructed role for women
• What did Edgell find about decision-making in middle-class couples?

  Men controlled important decisions, women minor ones
• What did Pahl conclude about financial management in couples?

  Husband controlled pooling was most common
• What did Weeks et al find about couples and money management?

  Couples pool money but keep personal accounts
• How do same-sex couples view money management differently?

  They prioritize convenience over traditional power dynamics
• What are the sociological explanations for inequality in relationships?

  • Functionalism: Different roles keep society running smoothly
  • Marxism: Capitalism controls family life and roles
  • Feminism: Patriarchy produces unequal conjugal relationships
• How do functionalists view gender roles in families?

  They see them as effective for societal function
• What do Marxist sociologists believe about gender roles?

  They reflect capitalism's control over family life
• What do feminists argue about household roles?

  They demonstrate power inequality between genders
• How do sociologists study child abuse in families?

  In terms of power relationships
• What does the Children’s Act (1989) allow?

  State intervention in families for child safety
• How many children were referred to social services in 2013-2014?

  Almost 658,000 children
• What percentage of violent crime in the UK is domestic violence?

  16%
• How often is a woman killed by a partner in England and Wales?

  Every 3 days
• What did radical feminists say about domestic violence treatment?

  It is treated differently than other violent crimes
• What change occurred in British law regarding marital rape in 1991?

  Husbands could be charged with rape
• How do radical feminists view violence against women?

  As a form of power and control
• What stigma do women face regarding domestic violence?

  Feeling ashamed to talk about the violence
• What do Dobash & Dobash find about women returning to abusive partners?

  Fear of stigma and financial dependence
• What are the criticisms of radical feminism?

  1. Overemphasizes domestic violence in family life
  2. Presents men as all-powerful and women as powerless
• What does misogyny refer to?

  Hatred or prejudice against women
• Should misogyny be considered a crime?

  It is a topic for societal discussion