20% to know 80%

• behaviourist approach key idea is that all behaviour is learned from the environment via conditioning
• classical conditioning (Pavlov 1902) suggests we learn through association (dog salvation experiment)
• operant conditioning (skinner 1948) suggest we learn through reinforcement and punishment (skinners rats)
• strengths of behaviour approach is its highly scientific and has practical applications eg therapy
• weaknesses of behaviourist approach is that it ignore cognition and biology
• social learning theory Bandura 1961
• SLTs key idea is that learning accords through observation and imitation of role models
• SLT key study is Bandura Bobo doll where children copied aggressive behaviours
• vicarious reinforcement is learning through seeing others rewarded
• mediation processes - attention retention reproduction motivation
• SLT strength is that it combines behaviourism and cognition
• SLT weakness is that it ignores biological factors
• cognitive approach is behaviour shaped by internal mental processes
• the schema is a mental frameworks that help organise knowledge
• theoretical and computer models is where the mind is compared to a computer - input, processing, output
• cognitive approach strengths is that its scientific - brain scans and explained depression - CBT therapy
• cognitive approach weaknesses ignores emotions and oversimplifies mind as a computer
• biological approach says that behaviour is determined by genes and neurochemistry and evolution
• genotype is genes
• phenotype is environment (physical characteristics)
• neurotransmitters and Bain structures eg dopamine linked to schizophrenia
• strengths of biological is that its scientific and has practical applications (drug treatments)
• weakness of biological is that its reductionist and ignores environment suggest all genetics
• psychodynamic approach Freud
• psychodynamic approach says that unconscious thoughts shape behaviour
• structures of personality are ID, superego and ego
• psychosexual stages are oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital
• defence mechanisms are repression, denial and displacement
• strengths of psychosexual is that its influential and explains abnormal behaviour
• weaknesses of psychosexual is that its unscientific and is subjective interpretations
• humanistic approach (rogers and Maslow)
• humanistic approach says that people have free will and strive for self actualisation
• Maslow hierarchy of needs basic needs - self actualisation
• rogers self concept says conference between self image and ideal self leads to wellbeing
• conditions of worth is unconditional positive regard is key to mental health
• humanistic strengths is that its holistic, positive and outlook
• weaknesses of humanistic is that it lacks scientific evidence and is subjective
• behaviourist is nurture, determinism, reductionist, scientific, applied to phobias and behaviour modification
• SLT is mostly nurture, soft determinism, reductionist, scientific, key applications are aggression and media influence
• cognitive is both nature and nurture, soft determinism, machine reductionist, scientific, key applications are CBT and memory research