working memory model

• Who proposed the working memory model?

  Baddeley and Hitch
• What do Baddeley and Hitch believe about memory?

  Memory consists of multiple stores
• What happens when two visual tasks are performed simultaneously?

  Performance is poorer than with mixed tasks
• What is the focus of the working memory model?

  Short-term memory (STM)
• How is long-term memory (LTM) described in the working memory model?

  LTM is a more passive store
• How is short-term memory (STM) characterized in the model?

  STM has multiple distinct components
• What role does STM play in cognitive tasks?

  Essential for active processing of information
• What controls the working memory model?

  The central executive
• What is the main function of the central executive?

  To sift and sort information
• What is the capacity of the central executive?

  Very limited
• How does the central executive manage tasks?

  By switching between different inputs
• What type of coding does the central executive use?

  Modality free
• What did Baddeley find regarding random number generation?

  Participants struggled with dual tasks
• What did Hunt's 1980 study reveal about dual tasks?

  Participants performed poorly on concurrent tasks
• What does the case of EVR suggest about the central executive?

  It may consist of separate sub-components
• What criticism is directed at the central executive?

  It is vague and untestable
• What is the main purpose of the phonological loop?

  To hold and rehearse words
• How does the phonological loop maintain order?

  By processing auditory information
• What is the capacity of the phonological loop?

  2 seconds worth of information
• What type of coding does the phonological loop use?

  Acoustic coding
• What is the primary acoustic store's function?

  To temporarily store recently heard words
• What does the articulatory process do?

  Prevents decay through sub-vocal repetition
• What did Baddeley et al. (1975) find about word length effect?

  Short words are recalled better than long words
• What do PET scans reveal about the phonological loop?

  Different brain areas activate for verbal tasks
• What is the main purpose of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

  To hold and manipulate static images
• What is the capacity of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

  3-4 objects
• What type of coding does the visuo-spatial sketchpad use?

  Visual coding
• What did Gathercole and Baddeley (1993) find about dual tasks?

  Participants struggled with two VSS tasks
• What do PET scans show about the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

  Different brain areas activate for visual tasks
• What is the main purpose of the episodic buffer?

  To provide a temporary store for information
• What is the capacity of the episodic buffer?

  About 4 chunks
• What type of coding does the episodic buffer use?

  Modality free coding
• What was the aim of the key study on working memory?

  To investigate simultaneous use of memory parts
• What method was used in the key study?

  Dual task technique
• What were the results of the key study regarding digit span tasks?

  Longer digit spans slowed reasoning answers
• What conclusion was drawn from the key study?

  Different tasks use different memory components
• What does the case study of KF support?

  Distinct components in short-term memory
• What does brain imaging reveal about working memory?

  Different areas activate for different tasks
• How does the working memory model compare to the multi-store model?

  WMM explains STM as active and multi-component
• What is a strength of the working memory model?

  It explains dual task performance effectively