The Cognitive Approach

• What is a phone essentially described as in the text?

  A portable computer
• What are the inputs of a phone compared to human inputs?

  Camera and microphone; eyes and ears
• What are the outputs of a phone compared to human outputs?

  Screen and speakers; body and voice
• What is the physical component of a phone that processes information?

  CPU (Central Processing Unit)
• What is the physical component of humans that processes information?

  The brain
• What are YouTube and other apps considered to be on a phone?

  Programs or sets of processes
• How do cognitive psychologists view the brain's functions?

  As internal mental processes
• What is the basis of cognitive neuroscience?

  Connection between cognitive processes and brain activity
• What are the three features of the psych boost app?

  • Flashcards
  • Multiple choice quizzes
  • Key term tester
• What do cognitive psychologists argue about behavior?

  It results from internal mental processes
• What are common areas of research for cognitive psychologists?

  Attention, perception, and memory
• How do cognitive psychologists study internal mental processes?

  • Conduct highly controlled experiments
  • Use large samples of participants
  • Often work in lab settings
  • Utilize standardized materials
• What is a limitation of studying internal mental processes?

  They cannot be directly observed
• What is the problem with making inferences in cognitive psychology?

  Inferences can be mistaken guesses
• What does Miller's classic research study focus on?

  Capacity of short-term memory
• What is a schema?

  A mental framework of knowledge
• How do schemas help us navigate the world?

  They simplify information processing
• What is a disadvantage of relying on schemas?

  They can lead to inaccurate recall
• How can schemas influence eyewitness testimony?

  They can alter memory recall accuracy
• What did Loftus's research reveal about memory recall?

  Leading questions can alter recall accuracy
• What is the negative triad in cognitive psychology?

  Negative schemas about self, world, future
• What are the two types of models used by cognitive psychologists?

  • Computer models
  • Theoretical models
• What is machine reductionism?

  Criticism of oversimplifying the human mind
• What is the multi-store model of memory?

  A flowchart of memory processing steps
• What is cognitive neuroscience?

  Study of cognitive and biological processes
• What techniques allow researchers to observe brain activity?

  PET and fMRI scanners
• What did Tan's case reveal about brain function?

  Link between brain damage and speech production
• What is a limitation of cognitive psychology's research methods?

  Studies often lack real-life applicability
• What are the real-life applications of cognitive psychology?

  • Development of CBT
  • Informing juries about eyewitness testimony
  • Treatments for neurological disorders
  • Advancements in artificial intelligence
• What do cognitive psychologists argue about free will?

  They support soft determinism
• How does cognitive psychology empower clients in therapy?

  By giving tools to change thinking patterns
• What is the role of schemas in predicting future events?

  They allow predictions based on past experiences
• What is the significance of cognitive neuroscience in psychology?

  It studies the brain's role in mental processes
• What is the relationship between cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence?

  Cognitive psychology informs AI development
• What is the impact of cognitive psychology on understanding memory disorders?

  It aids in developing effective treatments
• How does cognitive psychology view the role of the individual in behavior?

  Individuals have control over their behavior
• What is the purpose of cognitive restructuring in therapy?

  To change negative schemas
• What is the significance of the research conducted by Loftus?

  It highlights the malleability of memory
• What does the term "soft determinism" imply in cognitive psychology?

  Behavior is influenced but not entirely determined
• How does cognitive psychology contribute to understanding mental health issues?

  It provides insights into negative thinking patterns