religion

• What was the main aim of the Rump Parliament regarding religious radicalism?

  To suppress religious radicalism
• What is episcopacy?

  A system of church governance by bishops
• Which group of Puritans wanted local congregations to run the Church?

  Congregationalists
• Which form of Anglicanism dominated from 1661-1688?

  Laudian Anglicanism
• What set of laws persecuted dissenters under Charles II?

  The Clarendon Code
• What were the four acts that made up the Clarendon Code?

  Corporation Act, Conventicle Act, Five Mile Act, Uniformity Act
• What was the Instrument of Government?

  The first written constitution of England
• Who created the Instrument of Government?

  Oliver Cromwell
• Why was the First Protectorate Parliament shut down?

  Due to conflicts over power and authority
• When was the First Protectorate Parliament shut down?

  1655
• What convinced Cromwell to impose the rule of the Major-Generals?

  To maintain order and suppress dissent
• How many Major-Generals were there?

  11
• Give three reasons why the Major-Generals were unpopular.

  Heavy taxation, military rule, and lack of local support
• What was the Humble Petition and Advice?

  A proposal to offer Cromwell the crown
• Who created the Humble Petition and Advice?

  The First Protectorate Parliament
• Why did Cromwell reject the offer of the Crown?

  He believed it would lead to tyranny
• What does the rejection of the Crown offer show about the effectiveness of the Republic?

  It indicates a struggle for legitimacy
• Who took over as Lord Protector after Cromwell died?

  Richard Cromwell
• What happened to Richard Cromwell and why?

  He resigned due to lack of support
• Who was Martin Luther?

  A key figure in the Protestant Reformation
• What were Puritans?

  A group seeking to purify the Church of England
• Whose ideas did Arminianism come from?

  Jacob Arminius
• Who was William Laud?

  The Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I
• Why were William Laud's reforms unpopular?

  They were seen as too Catholic and authoritarian
• What were the key features of the Church of England in 1625?

  • Confessional state
  • Use of The Book of Common Prayer
  • Presence of various religious and political opinions
  • Growth of Arminianism
• What were the Laudian Reforms and their impact?

  • Reforms aimed at enhancing church rituals
  • Perceived as a threat to Anglicanism
  • Reinforced fears of Catholic conspiracy
  • Led to opposition against Charles I
• How did the Church of England evolve from 1625-88?

  • Faced challenges from Arminianism
  • Experienced reorganization by Parliament
  • Underwent restoration under later Stuarts
  • Struggled with internal and external opposition
• Did the restoration of Anglicanism in 1662 return England to a confessional state by 1688?

  Yes, it reinstated a confessional state
• what are diocese?

  A district under the supervision of a bishop.
• What motivated the Toleration Act according to the study material?

  Political compromise rather than theological concerns
• What was the time period covered in the study material?

  1625-1701
• What was a major fear in Britain between 1625-88?

  Fear of Catholicism
• What was the impact of the 1689 Toleration Act on the Church?

  It allowed some religious freedoms
• What did Dissenters have to swear even after the Toleration Act?

  Allegiance to the Church of England
• What was the impact of the Dissenters' oath on some parishes?

  It limited their participation in church activities
• Which law still existed that restricted dissenters?

  The Test Act
• Which key philosophical thinker argued against enforcing uniformity?

  John Locke
• Who began the English Reformation?

  Henry VIII
• What was established in England as a result of the English Reformation?

  The Church of England
• List three reasons why Anglicans were afraid of Catholics before 1625.

  Political power, foreign alliances, religious differences