Atomic Structure

• What are neutrons?

  Fundamental neutral particles in atomic nucleus
• What is the name of the positively charged particle in an atom?

  Proton
• How does the Bohr model explain the stability of atoms?

  • Electrons occupy specific energy levels around the nucleus
  • Electrons cannot exist between energy levels
  • This prevents the electrons from radiating energy and collapsing into the nucleus
• Where do neutrons reside in an atom?

  In the nucleus
• What contrasts the nucleus with electron orbital shells?

  • Nucleus: small, dense, contains protons and neutrons
  • Electron orbital shells: larger, less dense, contains electrons
• What are the main components of an atom?

  • Nucleus (protons and neutrons)
  • Electron shell
• How are the particles in an atom arranged?

  • Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus
  • Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells
• What is the name of the negatively charged particle in an atom?

  Electron
• What is the mass of a neutron?

  1 unit
• How do neutrons contribute to an atom?

  They contribute to an atom's mass
• Why do neutrons not participate in chemical reactions?

  Because they carry no electrical charge
• What is the charge of neutrons?

  They carry no electrical charge
• What role do neutrons play in the atomic nucleus?

  They hold the nucleus together
• If an atom has 7 protons and 7 neutrons, what is its atomic mass number?

  14
• What are the key characteristics of neutrons?

  • Mass: 1 unit
  • Charge: 0 (neutral)
  • Do not participate in chemical reactions
  • Contribute to overall atomic mass
• What happens to the nucleus without sufficient neutrons?

  It would break apart due to proton repulsion
• What are the key components of the Bohr atomic model?

  • Nucleus with protons and neutrons
  • Electrons orbiting the nucleus in discrete energy levels
  • Electrons can only occupy certain allowed energy levels
  • Electrons can jump between energy levels by absorbing or emitting photons
• How are neutrons and protons arranged in the nucleus?

  They are concentrated in a small space
• What is the nuclear force?

  It is a powerful attraction between nucleons
• Why do protons repel each other in the nucleus?

  Because they have the same positive charge
• Where are neutrons located in an atom?

  In the atomic nucleus with protons
• How do the charges of the particles in an atom compare?

  Protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons are neutral
• What is the effect of more neutrons in the nucleus?

  They create a stable nucleus for heavier atoms
• How do neutrons differ from protons in terms of charge?

  Neutrons are neutral, protons are positive
• How do neutrons contribute to the stability of heavier atoms?

  • Neutrons cluster closely in the nucleus
  • They provide a stabilizing effect
  • More neutrons lead to a stable nucleus
• What are the main components of an atom?

  • Protons (positively charged)
  • Neutrons (no charge)
  • Electrons (negatively charged)
• What is the charge of a neutron?

  No electrical charge
• What is the overall charge of an atom?

  • Neutral, as the positive charge of the protons is balanced by the negative charge of the electrons
• What is the name of the neutral particle in an atom?

  Neutron
• What is the nucleus of an atom?

  A tiny central region containing protons and neutrons