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Unit 4 Biology
Mitosis & Meisosis
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Cards (27)
What does mitosis produce?
2
identical
daughter cells
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What are the main phases of mitosis?
Interphase
Mitosis
(
prophase
,
metaphase
,
anaphase
,
telophase
)
Cytokinesis
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What happens to chromosomes during prophase?
Chromosomes
condense
and become visible
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What occurs to centrioles during prophase?
Centrioles
separate
and move to
opposite
ends
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What do protein microtubules form during prophase?
They form the
spindle apparatus
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What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?
The
nuclear envelope disintegrates
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What is the arrangement of chromosomes during metaphase?
Chromosomes align along the
equator
of the cell
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What connects the centromere to the spindle fibres during metaphase?
The
centromere
attaches
to
the
spindle fibres
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What happens to spindle fibres during anaphase?
Spindle fibres
shorten
and
pull
chromatids
apart
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What is the first action that occurs in anaphase?
Centromeres
split, allowing
chromatids
to separate
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What occurs during telophase regarding chromatids?
Chromatids reach the poles and become
chromosomes
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What happens to the nuclear envelope during telophase?
The nuclear envelope reforms around
chromosomes
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What is cytokinesis?
Division of the
cytoplasm
to form two cells
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How does cytokinesis differ in animal and plant cells?
Animal Cell:
Constricts around the equator forming a
cleavage furrow
Plant Cell:
Vesicles fuse to form a
cell plate
New cell wall laid down between
membranes
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What is the outcome of meiosis I?
Two
haploid
cells are formed
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What happens to chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis?
Homologous chromosomes
pair up to form
bivalents
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What is synapsis in meiosis I?
Pairing of
homologous chromosomes
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What occurs during metaphase I?
Bivalents
line up at the
equator
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What happens during anaphase I?
Chromosomes in each
bivalent
separate
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What occurs during telophase I?
Nuclear envelope reforms around
haploid
chromosomes
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What is produced at the end of cytokinesis I?
Two
haploid
cells
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What occurs during metaphase II?
Chromosomes
line up on the equator
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What happens during prophase II?
Centrioles
separate and organise a new
spindle
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What happens during anaphase II?
Centromeres
split and
chromatids
separate
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What is the outcome of telophase II?
Four
haploid
cells are produced
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What happens to chromatids at the poles during telophase II?
Chromatids
lengthen
and become
indistinguishable
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What are the key outcomes of meiosis?
Produces four
haploid
daughter cells
Each cell has two
chromatids
Cells can form a
tetrad
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