Addiction

    Cards (31)

    • What is addiction defined as?
      A state of compulsive behaviour despite harmful consequences
    • What are the two types of dependence in addiction?
      • Physical Dependence
      • Psychological Dependence
    • What characterizes physical dependence?
      Long-term use
      withdrawal symptoms
      Day-to-day functioning reliant on substance
    • How does psychological dependence manifest?
      Intense cravings
      inability to cope without the drug
      Causes anxiety and depression when drug is absent
    • What is tolerance in the context of addiction?
      Needing more of a substance to achieve the same effect
    • What are the types of tolerance in addiction?
      • Metabolic Tolerance
      • Neuroadaptation
      • Learned Tolerance
    • What is metabolic tolerance?
      Enzymes become more effective at breaking down drugs
    • What is neuroadaptation?
      Changes at the synapse occur due to drug use
    • What is learned tolerance?
      Functioning normally with drugs due to practice
    • What are acute withdrawal symptoms?
      Start within hours and stop within weeks
    • What is post-acute withdrawal?
      Brain reorganizes and balances over months/years
    • RF What personality traits are linked to addiction?
      • Extraversion
      • Neuroticism
      • Psychoticism
      • Novelty Seeking
      • Impulsivity
    • RF How does extraversion relate to addiction?
      Chronically under-aroused: less sensitive RAS - seeks stimulating activities
    • RF How does neuroticism contribute to addiction?
      self-medication to escape - highly reactive limbic system
    • RF What is psychoticism's role in addiction?
      Sensation-seeking despite overwhelming negative effects
    • RF How does novelty seeking influence addiction?
      Higher access to addiction through seeking new experiences
    • RF What does impulsivity indicate in addiction?
      Increased risk-taking behavior
    • RF How does stress relate to addiction?
      • Everyday stress relieves anxiety
      • Traumatic stress linked to addiction
    • What did Piazza (1989) find about stress and addiction?
      Stressor (pinching the tail) caused rats to seek amphetamines
    • What percentage of drug addicts had PTSD according to Driessen et al (2008)?
      30%
    • What percentage of alcoholics had PTSD according to Driessen et al (2008)?
      15%
    • RF How do peer groups influence addiction?
      • Parents influence before age 12
      • Adolescents experiment between ages 12-14 (Hinde - 1985)
      • Partners influence after age 14
    • What is Social Learning Theory in relation to addiction?
      Addiction is learned through observation
    • What does Social Identity Theory suggest about addiction?
      Social identity is gained through ingroup membership
    • RF What genetic factor is linked to addiction?
      Faulty A1 DRD2 gene - reduces dopamine receptors in pleasure centers/limbic system > seek simulation
    • RF What is Reward Deficiency Syndrome?
      Reduced dopamine receptors lead to seeking stimulation
    • What percentage of alcohol addicts had the genetic variant according to Blum et al (1996)?
      69%
    • What percentage of cocaine addicts had the genetic variant according to Blum et al (1996)?
      51%
    • RF How do family influences contribute to addiction?
      • Social learning from parents/siblings
      • Families create schemas about substance use
      • Permissive parenting leads to addictive behaviors
    • RF What is the impact of permissive parenting on addiction?
      Leads to overindulgent and addictive children
    • What are the risk factors of Addiction?
      1. Personality
      2. Stress
      3. Peer groups
      4. Genetic influence
      5. Family influence
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