Resource management

• A resource is a stock or supply of something that has a value or purpose
• In the UK average daily calorie consumption is 3200 per person. In Somalia it is 1580 per person
• There is a correlation between countries with the highest population growth and countries with the highest levels of undernourishment
• Water scarcity = this is where a location has a lack of available water
• Physical water scarcity = when a location has an actual lack of water due to climate and landscape
• Economic water scarcity = when a location can not afford to extract water. This may be because it is deep underground or water needs lots of expensive treatment to be able to use it
• Water stress = this is when the demand for water in a location exceeds the supply
• GNP = this is the amount of money a country has from the sale of all its products and services sold
• The UK creates energy from different sources. The main ones are:

  • coal
  • natural gas
  • nuclear
  • renewables
  • other
• Social well-being = a sense of belonging to a community and making a contribution to society
• Economic well-being = having -resent and future financial security
• Export = goods sold abroad
• Import = goods bought in from another country
• Food miles = distance travelled by food imported to the UK
• Carbon footprint = the amount of fossil fuels produced in the atmosphere
• POSITIVES FOR LICS FROM DEMAND FOR NON-SEASONAL FOODS

  • jobs supply wages for local people
  • jobs are created for example in farming or packing
  • from the wages, taxes are paid to the government
  • taxes fund improving and building facilities
• NEGATIVES FOR LICS FROM DEMAND FOR NON-SEASONAL FOODS

  • less land is available for locals to grow food to eat
  • often these crops need lots of water, but the crops are grown where water supply is unreliable
  • sometimes the crop growers are exposed to chemicals because they use pesticides without protective clothing
• WAYS TO LOWER UK IMPORTS

  • agribusiness
  • organic farming
  • buying locally
• AGRIBUSINESS

  Agribusiness refers to treating food production from farms like a large industrial business, making it a large scale, capital-intensive, commercial activity. This has meant increasing the size of farms by:

  • removing hedgerows
  • increasing field sizes and combining smaller family farms
  • using modern production methods
  • increased mechanisation

  Agribusiness had some huge advantages for the production of food, but can have considerable impacts on the environment and local food production.
• ORGANIC FARMING

  Organic farming is a holistic way of producing food. This means that organic farmers think about the effects of their farming practices on the soil, crops and livestock on the farm, the quality of the food they produce, the local community and the wider environment. The principles and practices of organic farming are developed from key principles:

  • a closed system
  • soil fertility and structure
  • pollution and use of fossil fuels
• BUYING LOCALLY

  The company ‘Local food’ aims for local businesses to flourish and provide readily available produce at an affordable price for consumers and fair one for farmers. A thriving local food industry:

  • encouraged a varied and seasonal diet of fresh food
  • reconnects communities with farmers
  • creates jobs and supports local rural economies
  • revitalises town centres and high streets
  • reduces traffic congestion, noise and pollution from food miles
  • encourages a more sustainable use of land
• DEMAND FOR WATER IS INCREASING BECAUSE …

  • the population is growing
  • more houses are being built
  • there is an increase in the number of appliances in houses that use water
• THE MAIN SOURCES OF WATER IN THE UK ARE:

  • rivers
  • reservoirs
  • groundwater aquifers
• WHAT IS WATER TRANSFER AND WHY IS IT NEEDED?

  Matching water supply with demand by moving water from an area with water surplus to another with water deficit
• WHAT POLLUTANTS CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE WATER SYSTEM?

  • pesticides and weed killers
  • water used in industrial cooling systems
  • acid rain
  • pollutants from vehicles
  • heavy metals from industrial waste
• WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION IN THE UK?

  • increased water temperatures can lead to death of wildlife and disrupt habitats
  • the supply of drinking water can be poisoned
  • increased fertilisers can increase nutrients in the water, speeding up the growth of algae and leading to eutrophication, this means that there may not be sufficient oxygen in the water so other wildlife will also die
  • people whose livelihoods depend on a clean water supply may suffer
  • pesticides can kill important parts of the ecosystem
• HOW IS WATER QUALITY MANAGED?

  • legislation - strict laws to ensure that factories and farms are limited in the amount and type of discharge they put into rivers
  • education campaigns
  • pollution traps
  • waste water treatments
  • green roofs and walls
• WHY IS ENERGY IMPORTANT?

  • it heats our homes, schools and offices
  • it powers our cars and other transport
  • it powers the machines that produce our clothes and food
  • it provides the electricity we use to watch TV and use computers
• WHY HAS DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION REDUCED?

  • the introduction of energy efficient devices, such as light bulbs and washing machines
  • the increased cost of energy leading to lower consumption
  • the increase awareness of the public that they must save energy
• WHAT IS THE UKS ENERGY MIX?

  The energy mix of the UK refers to the different sources of energy used by households, industry and other commercial users such as shops and offices.

  Most of the energy we use in our homes is in the form of electricity.

  Electricity can be generated by burning fossil fuels such as coal and oil, or by using renewable energy sources such as wind or water
• Energy mix = range of energy sources used by a country or region
• Energy conservation = reducing energy consumption by using less energy and existing resources more efficiently
• Energy security = availability of energy sources at an affordable price
• ARE FOSSIL FUELS STILL IMPORTANT?

  They will remain important in the future because:

  • the UKs remaining reserves of fossil fuels will provide energy for several decades
  • coal imports are cheap - but the UK is closing all coal power stations by 2025
  • existing UK power stations use fossil fuels
  • shale gas deposits will be exploited in the future
• Food security = having access to enough safe and affordable nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life
• Food surplus = when a country produces more food than is needed by their population
• Food deficit = when a country does not produce enough food to feed their population
• Food insecurity = not having enough access to enough safe and affordable nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life
• CAUSES OF FOOD INSECURITY

  • conflict
  • technology
  • climate
  • poverty
  • water supply
  • pests and diseases
• IMPACTS OF FOOD INSECURITY

  • famine and undernutrition
  • conflict and social unrest
  • rising prices
  • desertification
  • water pollution