Vygotsky cognitive development

    Cards (6)

    • Scaffolding- Wood, Bruner and Ross
      • 5 aspects where an adult can help a child understand a task better and help cross ZPD
      • RECRUITMENT- engaging child's interest
      • REDUCTION OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM- focusing child on task and where to start
      • DIRECTION MAINTENANCE- encouraging child to stay motivated
      • MARKING CRITICAL FEATURES- highlighting most important parts of task
      • DEMONSTRATION- showing child how to complete an aspect
    • ZPD support/evidence- Roazzi and Bryant
      • Studied 4-5 year olds
      • Had to estimate number of sweets in a box
      • 2 conditions, one child worked alone, another received help from another child (more knowledgeable other)
      • Children working alone failed to give a good estimate
      • Other condition, older child gave prompts to help child to reach estimate, they mastered task
      • Suggests children can develop additional reasoning abilities when working with an expert individual, ZPD is valid concept
    • Scaffolding support/evidence- Connor and Cross
      • Longitudinal procedure
      • Followed up 45 children
      • FUP at 16, 26, 44, 54 months
      • Observed them in problem solving tasks with help of mother
      • Distinctive changes were observed
      • Mothers used less and less direct intervention and more hints/prompts as children gained experience
      • Increasingly offered help when it was needed rather than constantly
      • This supports Vygotsky’s concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and scaffolding, as it shows how more knowledgeable others (in this case, mothers) adapt their assistance based on the child’s growing independence and cognitive ability
      • Because the study used a longitudinal design, it provides stronger evidence for development over time, adding validity to Vygotsky’s claims about the social origins of cognitive growth.
    • Vygotsky's influence on education- Keer and Jean Pierre
      • Found 7 year olds tutored by 10 year olds in addition to class teaching progressed further in reading (compared to controls without tutoring)
      • Suggests children can learn faster with appropriate scaffolding
    • Vygotsky's influence on education- Alborz et al
      • Concluded that teaching assistants are very effective at improving the rate of learning in children provided they have appropriate training
    • What did vygotsky mean with the terms intermental and intramental?
      • INTERMENTAL -> knowledge is first intermental in which is shared between the more and less expert individual
      • INTRAMENTAL -> knowledge is then intramental, it has been shared and is now in the mind of the less expert individual