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chemistry
organic chemistry I
alkanes
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Cards (22)
What are alkanes composed of?
Hydrogen
and
carbon atoms
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What does it mean for alkanes to be fully saturated?
They only contain
C-H
and
C-C
bonds
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What type of bonds are C-H and C-C bonds in alkanes?
σ bonds
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How do σ bonds form?
Electron orbitals
overlap between
atomic nuclei
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What is a characteristic of σ bonds regarding atom rotation?
They
allow
free
rotation
of
atoms
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What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
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How many hydrogen atoms are there for every n carbon atoms in an alkane?
2n + 2
hydrogen atoms
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How many atoms is each carbon atom in an alkane bonded to?
Four
other atoms
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What does electron pair repulsion theory state?
Negative charge
regions repel to maximize distance
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What is the arrangement of bonds around each carbon atom in an alkane?
Tetrahedral
arrangement of bonds
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What is the bond angle between the bonds in an alkane?
109.5 degrees
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How do the boiling points of straight-chain alkanes change with chain length?
Boiling point
increases
with chain length
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Why do longer chained alkanes have higher boiling points?
Greater interactions via
induced dipole-dipole
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How does branching affect the boiling point of alkanes?
Branching
reduces
the boiling point
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Why does branching reduce the boiling point of alkanes?
It reduces
alignment
for induced
dipole-dipole
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How reactive are alkanes generally?
Alkanes are generally
unreactive
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What contributes to the unreactivity of alkanes?
High
bond enthalpy
requires large
energy
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What are hydrocarbons?
Compounds containing only
hydrogen
and carbon
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What is the difference between straight-chain and branched alkanes?
Straight-chain alkanes have continuous
carbon chains
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Why are induced dipole-dipole interactions important for boiling points?
They affect how
molecules
align and interact
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How do variations in molecular formula affect physical properties?
They can lead to different
boiling
and
melting
points
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How does bond enthalpy influence chemical reactivity?
Higher bond enthalpy means more
energy
needed
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