radical substitution

• What is the first reaction mechanism to learn in chlorination?

  Chlorination
• What type of species does the chlorination mechanism involve?

  Free radicals
• What product is formed with excess methane during chlorination?

  Chloromethane
• What product is formed with excess chlorine during chlorination?

  Tetrachloromethane
• What are the three stages of the chlorination reaction?

  • Initiation
  • Propagation
  • Termination
• What occurs during the initiation stage of chlorination?

  Free radicals are generated
• What is the balanced equation for the initiation step of chlorination?

  Cl2→light2Cl∙
• What happens during the propagation stage of chlorination?

  Free radicals generate new free radicals
• What is the first relevant equation in the propagation stage?

  CH4+Cl∙→CH3∙+HCl
• What is the second relevant equation in the propagation stage?

  CH3∙+Cl2→CH3Cl+Cl∙
• What characterizes the termination step in chlorination?

  Two free radicals form a covalent bond
• What is the first relevant equation in the termination stage?

  2CH3∙→C2H6
• What is the second relevant equation in the termination stage?

  2Cl∙→Cl2
• What is the third relevant equation in the termination stage?

  CH3∙+Cl∙→CH3Cl
• What is free radical substitution?

  • Reaction mechanism of alkanes with halogens
  • Occurs under UV light
  • Forms haloalkanes
  • Follows initiation, propagation, and termination
• What are the two types of fission when a covalent bond breaks?

  • Homolytic Fission
  • Even bond break
  • Forms two free radicals
  • Heterolytic Fission
  • Uneven bond break
  • Forms cation and anion
• What is homolytic fission?

  Bond breaks evenly, forming free radicals
• What is heterolytic fission?

  Bond breaks unevenly, forming ions
• What type of reactions commonly involve homolytic fission?

  Free radical reactions
• What type of reactions commonly involve heterolytic fission?

  Ionic or polar reactions