isomerism

• What are structural isomers?

  Molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangements
• What distinguishes chain isomers from other isomers?

  One is linear and one is branched
• What is the molecular formula of butane?

  C4H10
• What is the molecular formula of methylpropane?

  C4H10
• How do position isomers differ from chain isomers?

  They have functional groups in different places
• What is butan-1-ol?

  A molecule with a hydroxyl group on carbon-1
• What is butan-2-ol?

  A molecule with a hydroxyl group on carbon-2
• What are functional group isomers?

  Isomers with different functional groups
• What are stereoisomers?

  Molecules with the same formula and functional groups but different arrangements
• Why can alkenes display stereoisomerism?

  Due to the presence of rigid double bonds
• What are the two types of but-2-ene stereoisomers?

  (E)-but-2-ene and (Z)-but-2-ene
• What do E and Z signify in alkenes?

  Arrangement of larger groups around the double bond
• What does E stand for in E-alkenes?

  Opposite sides of the double bond
• What does Z stand for in Z-alkenes?

  Same side of the double bond
• How can you remember Z-alkenes?

  They have large groups on the 'same side'
• What do the Cahn-Ingold Prelog rules help with?

  Assigning E/Z isomerism to complex molecules
• How do the Cahn-Ingold Prelog rules work?

  By numbering atoms based on atomic number
• What is the priority in Cahn-Ingold Prelog rules?

  Highest atomic number gets priority 1
• What does E indicate in terms of priority in alkenes?

  Priority 1 and 2 are on different sides
• What does Z indicate in terms of priority in alkenes?

  Priority 1 and 2 are on the same side
• How is the geometry of E-alkene but-2-ene characterized?

  Methyl groups are on opposite sides
• How is the geometry of Z-alkene but-2-ene characterized?

  Methyl groups are on the same side