Social influence and social change

• What did Nolan et al. (2008) investigate?

  Social influence on energy consumption
• What was the key message in Nolan et al.'s study?

  Most residents were reducing energy usage
• What was the control message in Nolan et al.'s study?

  Just asked residents to save energy
• What did Nolan et al. find regarding energy usage in the first group?

  Significant decreases in energy usage
• What does minority influence often result in regarding social change?

  Slow and indirect effects
• Who argued that minority influence effects are mostly indirect and delayed?

  Charlan Nemeth
• Why are the effects of minority influence considered fragile?

  They are often indirect and delayed
• What does Moscovici's conversion explanation suggest about minority influence?

  It involves different cognitive processes
• What does Diane Mackie (1987) argue about majority influence?

  It may create deeper processing
• How does majority influence affect individuals according to Mackie?

  Forces them to think about differing views
• What does social cryptomnesia refer to?

  Memory of change without remembering how
• What did Bashir et al. (2013) investigate?

  Resistance to social change
• Why do people resist social change according to Bashir et al.?

  Fear of association with stereotypes
• What advice did Bashir et al. give to minorities for social change?

  Avoid reinforcing negative stereotypes
• What is a key term defined as the process of changing attitudes and behaviors?

  Social influence
• What is social change?

  Adoption of new attitudes by societies
• How did civil rights marches draw attention to social issues?

  By providing social proof of the problem
• What role did consistency play in the civil rights movement?

  It reinforced the activists' message and intent
• What is the augmentation principle in the context of social change?

  Risking lives to highlight injustice
• What significant legislation was passed in 1964 related to civil rights?

  US Civil Rights Act
• What does the snowball effect refer to in social change?

  Gradual increase in support for civil rights
• How does dissent contribute to social change according to Asch's research?

  It encourages others to dissent as well
• How do environmental campaigns utilize social influence?

  By appealing to normative social influence
• What did Milgram's research demonstrate about obedience?

  Importance of disobedient role models
• What is gradual commitment in the context of obedience?

  Small instructions lead to larger compliance
• What does Moscovici suggest about the difference between minority and majority influence?

  Minority leads to private acceptance, majority to public compliance
• What is a limitation of minority influence in social change?

  It often takes a long time to manifest
• What did Bashir et al. find about attitudes towards environmental activists?

  Participants rated them negatively
• Why might people resist changing their behavior in environmental contexts?

  Negative associations with environmentalists
• What is necessary to overcome barriers to social influence?


  Show people they may be wrong