energy of matter

• What are changes of state classified as?

  Physical changes
• Why does mass remain the same during changes of state?

  Because the number of particles doesn’t change
• What happens to the kinetic energy of particles when temperature increases?

  Kinetic energy store increases
• What occurs if the kinetic energy of a substance's particles changes significantly?

  The substance could change state
• What is internal energy?

  Sum of total kinetic and potential energy
• What does latent heat refer to?

  Energy transferred during a state change
• What is specific latent heat?

  Energy to change 1kg without temperature change
• What is specific latent heat of fusion?

  Energy to melt 1kg without temperature change
• What is specific latent heat of vaporisation?

  Energy to evaporate 1kg without temperature change
• What factors affect temperature change in a substance?

  Mass, material type, and energy transferred
• What is specific heat capacity?

  Energy needed to raise 1kg by 1°C
• How can energy transferred to a substance be calculated?

  Using mass, specific heat capacity, and temperature change
• How do gas particles move?

  Constantly in random directions and speeds
• How is the temperature of a gas related to its particles?

  It relates to average kinetic energy
• What happens to gas particles when heated?

  They gain kinetic energy and move faster
• What occurs to gas pressure when temperature in a sealed container increases?

  Pressure increases due to faster particle movement
• Why does pressure increase in a gas when temperature rises?

  Particles hit surfaces with more force
• What causes gas pressure on a surface?

  Force of gas particles hitting the surface
• What happens to gas pressure in relation to the walls of a container?

  It produces a net force at right angles
• What happens to temperature when a gas is compressed quickly?

  Temperature can rise due to energy gain
• Why does compressing a gas increase its temperature?

  Energy gained is not transferred quickly