QUIZ 1 MICROPAPRA

• What is microbiology?

  Branch of science that deals with microorganisms
• What are microorganisms?

  Minute living things too small to see
• What is a bacterium?

  Microscopic living organism with one cell
• Where can bacteria be found?

  On skin and in airways and mouth
• What are Archaea?

  Prokaryotes thriving in extreme environments
• What are methanogens?

  Archaea that produce methane gas
• What do thermoacidophiles thrive in?

  Acidic high-temperature water
• What is a fungus?

  Eukaryotic organism including yeasts and molds
• What are protozoa?

  Single-celled eukaryotes, free-living or parasitic
• What do protozoa feed on?

  Organic matter like microorganisms or debris
• What are algae?

  Aquatic, photosynthetic, nucleus-bearing organisms
• What role do algae play in ecosystems?

  Form the energy base of the food web
• What is a virus?

  Submicroscopic infectious agent replicating in cells
• Where are viruses found?

  In almost every ecosystem on Earth
• What are the roles and contributions of microorganisms?

  • Basis of food chain in aquatic ecosystems
  • Important roles in photosynthesis
  • Dependence of humans and animals on microbes
  • Use in food industry for various products
• What is parasitology?

  Branch of microbiology studying parasites and hosts
• Name a parasitic protozoa.

  Plasmodium falciparum
• What are parasitic helminths?

  Worms that are parasites
• What is nomenclature?

  The system of naming organisms
• Who established the system of nomenclature?

  Carolus Linnaeus in 1735
• What does scientific nomenclature assign to each organism?

  Two names: genus and species
• What is the first name in scientific nomenclature?

  Genus, always capitalized
• What is the second name in scientific nomenclature?

  Species name, not capitalized
• What did Robert Hooke report in 1665?

  Life's smallest structural units were cells
• What theory did Hooke's discovery mark the beginning of?

  The cell theory
• Who was the first to observe live microorganisms?

  Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
• What did Leeuwenhoek call the microorganisms he observed?

  Animacules
• What is spontaneous generation?

  Hypothetical process of life arising from nonliving matter
• Who demonstrated that maggots did not arise spontaneously?

  Francesco Redi in 1668
• What did John Needham claim in 1745?

  Microbes developed spontaneously from fluids
• What did Lazzaro Spallanzani suggest about Needham’s solutions?

  Microorganisms entered from the air after boiling
• What concept did Rudolf Virchow challenge in 1858?

  Spontaneous generation with biogenesis
• What did Louis Pasteur demonstrate about microorganisms?

  They are present in air and can contaminate solutions
• What are aseptic techniques?

  • Procedures preventing contamination by unwanted microorganisms
  • Standard practice in laboratories and medical procedures
  • Includes sterilization and handwashing methods
• What is sterilization?

  Flaming and autoclaving to kill microorganisms
• What are the types of handwashing?

  Social, clinical, and surgical handwashing
• Who are the great pioneers of microbiology?

  1. Louis Pasteur
  2. Joseph Lister
  3. Robert Koch
  4. Ignaz Semmelweis
  5. Edward Jenner
  6. Alexander Fleming
• When was Louis Pasteur born?

  December 27, 1822
• When did Louis Pasteur die?

  September 28, 1895
• Where did Louis Pasteur study?

  École Normale Supérieure in Paris