Bond polarity

Cards (11)

What is electronegativity?
The power of an atom to attract the electrons in a covalent bond
What is electron density?
The way the negative charge is distributed in a molecule.
What factors affect the electronegativity of an element?
Nuclear charge
Atomic radius
Shielding
How does nuclear charge affect the electronegativity of an element?
The more proton, the stronger the attraction between the nucleus and the bonding pair of electrons.
How does the atomic radius affect the electronegativity of an element?
The closer to the nucleus, the stronger the attraction between nucleus and the bonding pair of electrons.
How does shielding affect the electronegativity of an element?
The less shells of electrons between the nucleus and the electron, less shielding(less repulsion), stronger attraction between nucleus and bonding pair of electrons.
What is the trend of electronegativity down the group?
Decreases
Why does electronegativity decrease down a group?
The atomic radius increases
More shielding
Thus less attraction between the nucleus and the bonding pair of electrons.
What is the trend of electronegativity across a period?
increases
Why does electronegativity increase across a period?
The atomic radius decreases
More nuclear charge
Shells remain same and atoms become smaller
Thus a stronger attraction between nucleus and bonding pair of electrons.
Why are covalent bonds polar?
There’s an unequal sharing of the electrons between atoms that are bonded together covalently.