Behaviour Modification

• What are Token Economy Programmes (TEPs) used for?

  To obtain desirable behaviour in institutions
• What principle do Token Economy Programmes rely on?

  Operant conditioning
• When did Token Economy Programmes start?

  In the 1960s
• How do rewards work in a Token Economy?

  Tokens are exchanged for primary reinforcers
• What must be clear to prisoners before implementing a Token Economy?

  Behaviours and rewards must be operationalised
• What is the purpose of scoring in a Token Economy?

  To clarify how much a target behaviour is worth
• What is shaping in behaviour modification?

  Changing behaviours in small increments
• Who must follow the same regime of selective reinforcement?

  All who contact offenders
• What is a conjugal visit?

  A private visit for inmates with partners
• How could conjugal visits be used in a Token Economy?

  As a reward for good behaviour
• In which states of America are conjugal visits legal?

  In 6 states
• Why are conjugal visits illegal in the UK?

  To maintain strict prison regulations
• What effect may conjugal visits have on prison violence?

  They may reduce sexual and physical violence
• What are the effects of custodial sentencing?

  • Deterrence of crime
  • Rehabilitation of offenders
  • Incapacitation of dangerous individuals
  • Reintegration challenges post-release
• How can behaviour modification be evaluated in custody?

  • Effectiveness in reducing recidivism
  • Ethical considerations of reinforcement
  • Practical challenges in implementation
  • Long-term impacts on behaviour
• How can a conjugal visit be integrated into a behaviour modification programme?

  • Used as a reward for good behaviour
  • Helps maintain family bonds
  • May improve chances of successful reintegration
  • Reduces potential for violence in prisons