Wound care

    Cards (117)

    • What is a wound defined as?
      A breach in the epidermis or dermis
    • What initiates the process of repair in a wound?
      The breach in the epidermis or dermis
    • What can cause a wound?
      Trauma or pathological changes
    • What are the stages of wound healing?
      1. Haemostasis – minimizing blood loss
      2. Inflammation – cleaning up skin tissues
      3. Proliferation – repairing defects
      4. Maturation – increasing skin strength
    • What is the first stage of wound healing?
      Haemostasis
    • What occurs during the haemostasis stage?
      Minimizing blood loss
    • What happens during the inflammation stage?
      Mobilizing host defenses to clean up
    • What is the purpose of the proliferation stage?
      Repairing defects by regeneration or scarring
    • What occurs during the maturation stage of healing?
      Gradual increase in skin strength
    • What is the immediate response after tissue damage?
      Vasoconstriction occurs
    • What is the role of vasoconstriction after tissue damage?
      To minimize bleeding
    • What initiates the coagulation process?
      Tissue damage
    • What does a fibrin clot do?
      Temporarily closes the wound
    • What indicates that a wound is no longer bleeding?
      A thickened clot of blood has formed
    • What are the two processes involved in haemostasis?
      Vasoconstriction and platelet plug formation
    • How quickly does haemostasis occur after injury?
      Instantly, within seconds to minutes
    • What happens to blood vessels during the inflammation stage?
      They dilate, causing localized erythema.
    • What are the symptoms caused by the dilation of blood vessels in the inflammation stage?
      Localized erythema, oedema, heat, discomfort, and throbbing.
    • What is the role of macrophages during the inflammation stage?
      They clean the wound of debris and bacteria.
    • What does wound exudate bring to the area during inflammation?
      Enzymes, proteins, and antibodies.
    • What chemical reaction occurs due to wound exudate?
      It causes the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides.
    • What forms around the wound margin due to interrupted blood supply?
      A small necrotic area.
    • What happens to epithelial cells during the inflammation stage?
      They move under the base of the clot.
    • What occurs to the surrounding epithelium during the inflammation stage?
      It thickens and forms a thin layer over the wound.
    • What substances are released to the area during inflammation?
      White blood cells, nutrients, and growth factors.
    • What are the effects of the released substances during inflammation?
      They cause swelling, redness, and pain.
    • What do white blood cells do to bacteria during inflammation?
      They engulf and destroy it within the cell.
    • How long does the inflammation stage typically last?
      Roughly up to 4-6 days.
    • When does proliferation begin after a wound occurs?
      Within 24-48 hours
    • What are the three processes involved in tissue proliferation?
      • Granulation
      • Wound contraction
      • Epithelialization
    • What occurs during the granulation process?
      Capillaries grow and collagen fibers form
    • What is the role of fibroblasts during wound contraction?
      They collect around the edges and contract
    • What is the appearance of the new outer layer formed during epithelialization?
      Whitish-pink translucent appearance
    • What is the significance of granulation in wound healing?
      It provides new connective tissue formation
    • How do the processes of granulation and epithelialization differ in wound healing?
      Granulation involves tissue growth, epithelialization covers the wound
    • If a wound is healing properly, what should be observed within 24-48 hours?
      Signs of proliferation and new tissue growth
    • What happens to the new tissue during maturation phases?
      The new tissue is strengthened.
    • How does a scar appear in lightly pigmented skin initially?
      It appears red and raised.
    • What changes occur to a scar in lightly pigmented skin over time?
      It changes to paler, smoother, and flatter.
    • How does scar tissue in darker skin pigments initially appear?
      It initially appears lighter.
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