psychopathology

• behavioural characteristics of phobias

  1. panic
  2. avoidance
  3. endurance
• emotional characteristics of phobias

  1. anxiety
  2. unreasonable emotional response
• cognitive characteristics of phobias

  1. selective attention
  2. irrational beliefs
  3. cognitive distortion
• panic

  crying, screaming, running away, freezing, clinging to parent
• avoidance

  choosing not to come into contact with the phobic stimulus
• endurance

  remaining in the presence of the phobic stimulus whilst experiencing panic
• anxiety

  an unpleasant , high level of arousal
• unreasonable emotional response

  extreme negative emotions which are disproportionate to the level of danger
• selective attention

  finds it difficult to look away from stimulus or concentrate in anything else
• irrational beliefs

  ideas that are unrealistic
• cognitive distortion

  perceiving the phobic stimulus in an unrealistic way