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Biology U4
Neurobiology and behaviour
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Created by
mia jones
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Cards (95)
Where is the human brain located?
Within the
skull
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What are the three membranes covering the brain called?
Meninges
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What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Supplies
brain
neurones with oxygen and nutrients
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Where is cerebrospinal fluid produced?
In the
ventricles
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What are the three main areas of the brain?
Forebrain:
hypothalamus
, thalamus,
cerebrum
Midbrain
:
nerve fibres
linking forebrain to
hindbrain
Hindbrain:
cerebellum
and
medulla oblongata
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What connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?
The
corpus callosum
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What are the four structural regions of each cerebral hemisphere?
Frontal lobe
: reasoning, planning, speech, movement
Parietal lobe
: somatosensory functions, taste
Temporal lobe
: language, learning, memory
Occipital lobe
: vision
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What is the composition of the cortex in the brain?
Grey matter outer layer, white matter inner area
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What functions does the cerebrum integrate?
Sensory
functions and
voluntary motor
functions
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What does the hypothalamus control?
Body temperature
,
hunger
,
thirst
,
sleep
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What is the main control region of the autonomic nervous system?
The
hypothalamus
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What is the role of the thalamus?
Relay centre for information to
cerebral cortex
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What is the function of the hippocampus?
Involved in
emotion
, learning, and memory
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What does the cerebellum coordinate?
Precision and timing in
muscular
activity
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What does the medulla oblongata connect?
The
brain
to the
spinal cord
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What functions does the medulla oblongata control?
Involuntary
autonomic
functions like heart rate
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What does the autonomic nervous system control?
Automatic functions of the body
Heart rate, ventilation, blood pressure, digestion
Sympathetic
and
parasympathetic
nervous systems
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What are the main functions of the sympathetic nervous system?
Uses
noradrenaline
as neurotransmitter
Increases blood pressure, heart rate, ventilation
Prepares body for
'fight or flight'
response
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Where does the sympathetic nervous system originate?
Thoracic
and
lumbar
regions of spinal cord
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What are the main functions of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Uses
acetylcholine
as neurotransmitter
Decreases
heart rate
,
blood pressure
,
ventilation
Promotes
restorative functions
of the body
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Where does the parasympathetic nervous system originate?
Brainstem
and
sacral region
of spinal cord
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How do sympathetic and parasympathetic systems interact?
Many organs supplied by both systems
Use opposing
signals
to adjust organ activity
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What are the non-invasive methods of investigating the brain?
Electroencephalography
(EEG)
Computerised Tomography
(CT)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI)
Functional MRI Imaging
(fMRI)
Positron Emission Tomography
(PET)
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What does EEG detect?
Voltage fluctuations in brain's
electrical
activity
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What is a disadvantage of EEG?
Only displays activity in the
cerebral cortex
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What does CT use to show brain structure?
X-rays
to create slices of the brain
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What is a disadvantage of CT scans?
Requires a high
X-ray
dose
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What does MRI involve?
Strong
magnetic field
and
radio wave
pulse
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What is a disadvantage of MRI?
Can be difficult for
claustrophobic
patients
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What does fMRI show?
Flow of
oxygenated
blood in the brain
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What is a disadvantage of fMRI?
Can be difficult for
claustrophobic
patients
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What does PET scanning show?
Areas of
glucose
use in the brain
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What is a disadvantage of PET scans?
Exposes tissue to
gamma radiation
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What connects Wernicke’s area to Broca’s area?
The
arcuate fasciculus
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What is the arrangement of body parts in the primary motor cortex and somatosensory cortex?
Mapped
areas for body parts
More refined movements take up greater area
Illustrated in sensory and
motor homunculus
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Where is language comprehension and speech controlled in most people?
Left hemisphere
of cerebral cortex
Broca’s area
: speech production
Wernicke’s area
: language comprehension
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Where is Wernicke’s area located?
Temporal lobe
of the
left hemisphere
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What is the function of Wernicke’s area?
Comprehension of written and spoken
language
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Where is Broca’s area located?
Frontal lobe of the
left hemisphere
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What is the function of Broca’s area?
Motor control over
speech production
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See all 95 cards
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