Alkanes + Alkenes

• What is homolytic fission?

  one electron from the bond goes to each atom to make radicals, a covalent bond is broken
• How does a sigma bond form?

  Direct overlap of orbitals between the bonding atoms
• What is the bond angle and shape around C double bond in alkenes?

  120 degrees and trigonal planar
• What is the bond angle and shape around C-C sigma bonds in alkanes?

  109.5 degrees and tetrahedral
• What catalyst is needed for Alkenes to react with hydrogen?

  Nickel
• How does the double bond in Alkenes lead to stereoisomerism?

  the double bond can’t rotate and each carbon of the double bond is attached to two different groups of atoms
• what is an example of an electrophile?

  a positive cation
• What is the general formula for the complete combustion of an alkane?

  CnH2n+2 + 3n+1/2O2 to nCO2 + n+1H2O
• What is a radical?

  A species containing an unpaired electron making it highly reactive
• How can waste polymers be processed sustainably?

  Recycling, combustion for energy production, used as organic feedstock
• What is a problem with combustion of polymers with chlorine?

  HCl produced
• How do you turn an Alkene into an alcohol?

  steam + acid catalyst