Transcription, translation and definitions

• Gene

  A section of DNA which codes for a specific protein which results in a characteristic
• allele

  version of a gene
• genome

  all of the genes of an individual.

  entire genetic code/sequence for organism
• gene mutation

  a change to the genetic sequence
• gene locus

  the position of a gee on a chromosome which do not move or change
• transcription

  copy of all the genetic information from DNA to mRNA
• transcription

  1. part of the DNA molecule will unwind. H+ bonds between nitrogenous bases will break
  2. RNA polymerase attaches at a start codon and will move along the DNA catalysing the production of mRNA to make a copy
  3. at the stop codon the RNA polymerase and mRNA will detach from the DNA
• translation

  changing mRNA into a protein
• translation

  1. a ribosome attaches to a length of mRNA
  2. tRNA molecule with corresponding anticodon fits with the ribosome complimentary base pairing. a second piece of tRNA fits into the ribosome
  3. a peptide bond forms between the amino acids. this process is repeated
• Nucleotide

  Monomer of DNA
• histone proteins

  molecule that DNA is wrapped around
• process of DNA to trait

  DNA -> RNA -> polypeptide -> protein -> metabolism-> trait