drugs

• symptom relief (4)

  paracetamol

  ibuprofen

  antihistamines

  codeine
• curing (4)

  antibiotics

  chemotherapy

  anti-fungal medications

  worming tablets
• antibiotics can (2)

  1. interfere with a pathogens metabolism and prevent development of eg cell walls lysozyme or block action of ribosomes

  2. slow bacteria long enough to

  allow the immune system to

  get on top of them
• antibiotics are produced by

  a microbe that kills bacteria
• antibiotic resistance occurs through

  mutations which are errors when the bacteria copies its own dna
• drug resistant bacteria formation

  one exists that divides by binary fission to create a population whilst the antibiotic kills the non resistance strains
• 4 ways to reduce the rate of development of antibiotic resistant strains

  1 doctors should not prescribe antibiotics inappropriately like treating non serious or viral infections

  2. agricultural use of antibiotics

  3. patients should complete their course of antibiotics so all bacteria are killed and none survive to mutate and form resistant strains

  4. hand washing and vaccinations
• what do painkillers do

  stop nerve impulses transmitting pain messages to the brain
• what are many painkillers based on

  aspirin- willow bark

  opiates- poppies
• digitalis came from..

  foxgloves
• aspirin comes from

  willow bark
• penicillin comes from

  the penicillum mould
• 4 things drugs mist be tested for

  D-dosage/ concentration

  E-effectiveness

  S-safety-side effects, toxicity

  S-stability/can it be served for long