State Crime

• What are state crimes according to Green and Ward (2012)?

  Illegal activities by state agencies
• How does Chambliss (1989) define state crimes?

  Acts defined as criminal by state officials
• What does Michalowski emphasize about state actions?

  Focus on consequences, not just legality
• What issue does international law face regarding state crimes?

  States often resist international scrutiny
• What problem arises from states creating their own laws?

  They can avoid criminalizing their actions
• How can states legalize harmful behavior?

  By creating discriminatory laws
• What are the approaches to defining state crime?

  • Domestic Law: Relies on national legal frameworks
  • Problem: Manipulation of laws by states
  • International Law: Aims for broader standards
  • Problem: Enforcement challenges
  • Human Rights: Defines crimes by human rights violations
• What occurred during the Philippines' War on Drugs in 2016?

  Extrajudicial killings of alleged drug users
• What state crimes were committed under Saddam Hussein in Iraq?

  War crimes and genocide
• How did Nazi Germany exemplify state crime?

  Legalized persecution of Jews and others
• What role did the state play in the Rwandan Genocide?

  Exacerbated ethnic tensions between groups
• What are key concepts and theories related to state crime?

  • Neutralization Techniques: Justifications for state crimes
  • Authoritarian Personality: Blind obedience to authority
  • Modernity and Industrialization: Bureaucracies facilitating atrocities
  • Transgressive Criminology: Understanding crime beyond legal definitions
  • Hegemony: Dominance of one group over another
• What is Foucault's concept of synoptic surveillance?

  State monitoring and controlling populations
• How does industrialization impact social control?

  Facilitates state control over populations
• What coherence improvements can be made in defining state crime?

  • Clearer definitions of state crime
  • Better categorization of examples and theories
  • Highlighting connections between concepts
  • Conciseness in presenting key points