Attachment - animal studies

• What is a common application of psychological findings derived from animal behavior studies?

  Applying them to human behavior
• What is a major ethical concern when conducting studies on animals?

  The different mental experiences of animals
• Which researcher studied imprinting in geese?

  Conrad Lorenz
• Which type of animal did Harry Harlow conduct his attachment studies on?

  Rhesus monkeys
• What behavior is Lorenz known for investigating?

  Imprinting
• In Lorenz's study, what type of bird was used to study imprinting?

  Graylag goose
• How did Lorenz test the concept of imprinting?

  Dividing goose eggs between natural and incubator hatching
• What did Lorenz ensure when hatching goslings in an incubator?

  That he was the first thing seen
• What happened when Lorenz mixed all the goslings in a box?

  They followed who they imprinted on
• What did Lorenz call the time limit for imprinting?

  Critical period
• According to Lorenz, approximately how long could a gosling go without imprinting before losing the ability?

  Around 32 hours
• What does Lorenz's work suggest about attachment behavior in birds?

  It has a biological aspect
• According to Lorenz's research, what sense is imprinting primarily based on?

  Vision
• Which theory of attachment did Harlow's experiment test?

  Cupboard love theory
• What does the 'cupboard love' theory of attachment suggest?

  Infants love mothers because they feed them
• According to the cupboard love theory, why do infants love their mothers?

  Association between food and the mother
• What did Harlow place infant monkeys into after removing them from their mothers?

  A cage with surrogate mothers
• What were the two types of surrogate mothers in Harlow's experiment?

  Wire with food and cloth without food
• What did Harlow record about the monkeys' interaction with the surrogate mothers?

  The time spent with each
• Why did Harlow frighten the infant monkeys with a mechanical monkey?

  To see which surrogate they'd run to
• What type of surrogate mother did the monkeys spend the most time with?

  Cloth mother
• According to Harlow's findings, why did monkeys visit the wire mother?

  Just to feed
• What did the monkeys do when Harlow frightened them?

  Ran to the cloth mother
• What did the monkeys in Harlow's studies experience?

  Maternal deprivation
• What long-term problems did Harlow's monkeys develop?

  Problems interacting with other monkeys
• What did Harlow reject based on his findings?

  Cupboard love theory
• What did Harlow argue animals like macaques have an innate need for?

  Physical contact
• What is a key limitation when applying animal study findings to humans?

  Animals and humans are very different biologically
• How do animal and human behavior differ in terms of planning?

  Humans plan, animals act on instinct
• What animals are considered genetically closest to humans?

  Higher order primates
• How should findings on higher-order primate behavior be applied to humans?

  Very carefully
• Which researcher used animal study findings in their theories about human attachment?

  John Bowlby
• What did Bowlby argue human infants crave from their mothers?

  Comfort
• What did Bowlby term the bond human infants attempt to form with their mothers?

  Monotropic relationship
• According to Bowlby, what is a potential consequence of maternal deprivation?

  Poor social abilities
• What did Bowlby claim about the human critical period for attachment?

  Damage would be irreversible
• According to Bowlby, what age range is the critical period for attachment in humans?

  6 to 30 months
• What do studies of deprived human orphans suggest about the critical period?

  Humans have a sensitive period
• Why do midwives encourage immediate physical contact between mother and baby?

  Linked to knowledge of imprinting
• What is one reason social service workers investigate infant neglect cases?

  Poor outcomes of deprived infant macaques