Topic 5: Skeletal System

• What are the six functions of the skeletal system?

  Support, protection, movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage
• How are bones classified based on their shape?

  Long, short, irregular, flat, and sesamoid
• What are the parts of a long bone?(7 parts)

  Diaphysis, epiphyses, metaphyses, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary cavity, endosteum
• What is calcification in bone tissue?

  Mineral salt deposits hardening the extracellular matrix
• What are osteoblasts?

  Bone building cells
• What is the difference between compact and spongy bone?

  Compact bone is denser; spongy bone is lighter
• What is the primary function of red bone marrow?

  Produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
• What is the process of ossification?

  Bone formation occurring in various life stages
• What are the two patterns of bone formation?

  Intramembranous and endochondral ossification
• What happens during intramembranous ossification?

  Bone forms directly within mesenchyme layers
• What is the role of osteoclasts?

  Break down extracellular matrix to release nutrients
• What is the significance of the epiphyseal plate?

  Allows for lengthwise growth of long bones
• What is the medullary cavity filled with in adults?

  Fatty yellow bone marrow
• What is the function of the endosteum?

  Lines the medullary cavity and contains bone cells
• What is the composition of the extracellular matrix in bone?

  25% water, 25% collagen, 50% mineral salts
• What is the primary function of collagen fibers in bone?

  Provide tensile strength and flexibility
• What are osteogenic cells?

  Undifferentiated cells that develop into osteoblasts
• What is the role of chondroblasts in bone formation?

  Secrete cartilage matrix to form cartilage models
• What happens during the primary ossification center development?

  Blood vessels stimulate cells to become osteoblasts
• What is the significance of secondary ossification centers?

  Form as blood vessels enter the epiphyses
• What is the function of trabeculae in spongy bone?

  Provide structural support and house marrow
• What is the difference between male and female skeletons?

  Differences in pelvic structure and size
• How does aging affect the skeletal system?

  Leads to decreased bone density and strength
• What are common disorders of the skeletal system?

  Osteoporosis, arthritis, fractures
• What is the role of yellow bone marrow?

  Stores triglycerides and fat
• What is the function of articular cartilage?

  Reduces friction and absorbs shock at joints
• What is the significance of the lacunae in bone tissue?

  Houses osteocytes within the bone matrix
• What is the primary role of red bone marrow?

  Produces blood cells
• What is the primary function of the skeletal system?

  Provides support, protection, and movement
• What is the role of the osteonic canal?

  Provides blood supply to the osteon
• What is the primary component of the extracellular matrix in bone?

  Collagen fibers and mineral salts
• What is the significance of the periosteum in bone health?

  Protects bone and provides attachment for tendons
• What is the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

  Maintain bone tissue and communicate with other cells
• What is the primary function of the skeletal system in movement?

  Provides attachment points for skeletal muscles
• What is the role of the trabecular structure in spongy bone?

  Provides structural support while being lightweight
• What is the significance of the growth plate in long bones?

  Allows for lengthwise growth during development
• What is the primary role of the skeletal system in mineral homeostasis?

  Stores calcium and phosphorus for the body
• What is the role of the endosteum in bone health?

  Lines the medullary cavity and contains bone cells
• What is the primary function of the skeletal system in blood cell production?

  Produces red and white blood cells in marrow
• What is the significance of the osteon structure in compact bone?

  Provides strength and support to the bone