THEME C

• whWhatat are Fofourur main reasons that we have laws..​

  • To protect society​
  • To punish offenders​
  • To keep order​
  • To regulate relationships
• how laws affect your life some example

  • must be in education or training until 18
  • must not drive while under influence of school or drug
  • must be over 18 to buy cigarettes
• example age limit for driving, getting married, voting, working

  • driving: 17
  • getting married: 16 with parental consent
  • voting: 18
  • working full time: 18
• age of criminal responsibility?

  • 10 in Wales and England
  • Children under 10 cant be arrested or charged with a crime
  • aged 10 are seen as old enough to know right from wrong and be responsible for their actions
• what are main point of equality before the law

  • to respect: no discrimination
  • to a fair and public hearing
  • to prepare a defense
  • for judgements to be made public
  • to appeal
• what is 2 points of access to justice

  • no one should suffer a miscarriage of justice or unfair treatment
  • a defendant has right to a defense
• what are 2 threats to acess to justice

  • cuts to legal aid funding: cuts legal aid are dagme access for poorer people
  • closure of some local courts
• Criminal vs Civil law

  • Criminal law: protect the public from harm, crime
  • rape/ murder/ assult/
  • agaisnt property: fraud/Arson/Vandanlism
  • civil laws: settle arguments, disputes between people/company
  • debt
  • coppyright disputes
  • family
• what courts of criminal cases held?

  • magistrates court or the crown court
• what courts of civil cases held

  • county court
  • high court
  • family court
• how much money involving to be heard in high court

  over 50k
• what areFundamental principles of the law in practice:

  • right to know the reason for the arrest:
  • Police must explain why someone is being arrested to ensure fairness in the justice process.
  • it would violate the persons human rights
  • links to fair trial because they would not be able to defend themself
  • right to inform the arrested:
  • have right to inform someone else about what happened/ 3 reasons are:
  • let someone know where they are
  • to contact adult who must be presenting during questioning if the person less than 18
  • citizen is not being subjected to unlawful treatment by the police
• last thing in fundamental principles of law in practice

  • right to see a solicitor:
  • has right to speak with a legal representative for advice
  • Police must inform the arrested person of this right before questioning begins
  • ensures that people are protected against unfair treatment by having access to legal system
  • if they don't have own solicitor, a duty solicitor is available 24 hours a day at the police station
  • the police may also contact DSCC
• How high court are used

  • three division that deal with civil cases
  • The queens Bench Division: contractual issues
  • The family division
  • Chancery division: resolution of disputes
• how much money invole for civil cases

  • county court: around 10k or under
  • high court: over 50k
• what is power of tribunal

  • set fines
  • award compensation and costs
• 2 ways to resolve disputes?

  • mediation
  • ombudsmen
• What is mediation

  • trained, impartial third party helps disputing parties reach an mutual agreement
• What is ombudsmen

  • impartial third party who investigates complaints and recommends solutions to ensure fairness in organizations, without going court
• what are the right young people have when they get arrested

  • right when questioned to be accompanied by an appropriate responsible adult
  • if offender admits guilt and the offence isn't serious enough => a caution is given
• How do youth courts operate?

  • most cases involving 10-17
  • type of magistrate court
  • cases such as theft, burglary, anti social behaviour
  • 3 magistrates OR a judge
  • no jury
  • They take into account age, seriousness of the offence , mitigating
• what are the sentence for youth courts

  • fines
  • community sentences
  • detention
  • training
  • prison is not used j
• why youth courts are different with other courts

  • less formal than adult courts
  • defendant are called by their first name
  • public are usually not allowed to watch
• what are 3 main community seneteces for youth people

  • referral orders: agree to programme of work to address behaviour with the local community
  • preparation orders: repairing damage to the victim poverty
  • youth rehabilitation orders: court decides what the offender must do up to 3 years to help them rehabilitatione