Nucleic acid

• What is the main topic of the video by Miss Estrich?

  Structure of RNA and its function
• What is RNA classified as in biological molecules?

  RNA is a polymer
• What is the monomer that makes up RNA?

  Nucleotide
• What sugar is found in RNA?

  Ribose sugar
• How many carbons does ribose sugar contain?

  Five carbons
• What does the 'R' in RNA represent?

  Ribose
• What are the four possible nitrogenous bases in RNA?

  Adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
• What is the phosphate group in RNA?

  One phosphate group
• How does RNA differ from DNA in terms of sugar?

  RNA contains ribose, DNA contains deoxyribose
• What nitrogenous base does RNA have instead of thymine?

  Uracil
• What is the general function of RNA?

  Copy and transfer genetic information
• What type of RNA combines with proteins to create ribosomes?

  Ribosomal RNA
• What are the three types of RNA?

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA)
  • Transfer RNA (tRNA)
  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
• What does mRNA stand for?

  Messenger RNA
• What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

  It is a copy of one gene from DNA
• Why can mRNA leave the nucleus?

  It is shorter than DNA
• What happens to mRNA after it codes for a protein?

  It gets degraded
• How many bases on mRNA code for one amino acid?

  Three bases
• What is the shape of tRNA?

  Cloverleaf shape
• What holds the cloverleaf shape of tRNA in place?

  Hydrogen bonds
• What is the function of tRNA?

  Transfer amino acids
• What is the amino acid attachment site on tRNA?

  Three exposed bases at the top
• How does tRNA ensure the correct amino acid is brought to mRNA?

  Through complementary base pairing
• What does rRNA stand for?

  Ribosomal RNA
• What is the function of ribosomal RNA?

  Combines with protein to make ribosomes
• What are the differences between RNA and DNA?

  Differences in monomers:

  • RNA contains uracil, DNA contains thymine
  • RNA contains ribose, DNA contains deoxyribose

  
  

  Differences in polymers:

  • RNA is shorter than DNA
  • RNA is single stranded, DNA is double stranded
• Why is DNA much larger than RNA?

  DNA contains all genes, RNA copies one
• What is the structure of DNA compared to RNA?

  DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded
• What should you carefully read in exam questions about RNA and DNA?

  What the question is specifically asking