india

• What was the main cause of the Indian Mutiny?

  Long-standing grievances and the cartridge issue
• What were the key points about India and the British in India up to 1857?

  • Geography and diversity
  • Caste and social status
  • Influence of Islam and the Mughals
  • Role of Sikhs
  • The East India Company
  • Growing British involvement in society, education, and technology
• When was the East India Company given a Charter?

  In 1600
• What happened to the Mughal Empire by 1707?

  The Mughal Empire was in decline
• Who annexed Bengal to the East India Company?

  Robert Clive
• What was the significance of the annexation of Bengal in 1759?

  It gave the Company a monopoly on trade
• What led to the East India Company losing its British trade monopoly in 1813?

  Scandals and corruption in the Company
• What was the impact of British property developers moving into India?

  High rents charged to local landowners
• Which territories were added to Company control by 1856?

  Sind, Punjab, Berar, Oudh
• What were the changes under Governor-General Lord Bentinck?

  • Policy of Westernisation
  • English as official language
  • Outlawing of certain religious customs
• What religious customs were outlawed under Lord Bentinck?

  Sutee and Thugee practices
• What were the changes introduced by Lord Dalhousie?

  • Promotion of Christianity
  • Allowing converts to retain property
  • Permitting Hindu widows to remarry
• How did the British policies affect Indian social customs?

  They disregarded traditional customs, causing resentment
• What were the long-term causes of the Indian Mutiny?

  Annexation, religious anxieties, societal tensions
• What were the short-term causes of the Indian Mutiny?

  The cartridge issue
• What were the conditions of service for Indian soldiers in the Bengal Army?

  Poor pay, bad terms, lack of promotion
• How did the introduction of lower caste recruitment affect high caste Hindu sepoys?

  It threatened their traditional social status
• What was the final straw for the sepoys regarding the greased cartridges?

  Rumors of bone meal in their rations
• What practices were suppressed by British officers?

  Child-murder and suttee
• How did the greased cartridges incident relate to the sepoys' grievances?

  It symbolized deeper cultural insensitivity
• What event marked the beginning of the Indian Mutiny?

  Mutiny began at Meerut on 10 May 1857
• Why did local rulers join the Indian Mutiny?

  They were angered by the Company's annexations
• What was the policy of lapse in the context of the Indian Mutiny?

  Land forfeited if ruler died without male heir
• Which cities were key centres of action during the Indian Mutiny?

  Delhi, Cawnpore, Lucknow, Central India
• What was the British response to the mutiny in Meerut?

  The British reacted slowly to the situation
• What was the fate of the city of Delhi during the mutiny?

  Delhi fell to the mutineers on 11 May 1857
• Why was Delhi strategically important during the mutiny?

  It was between Calcutta and Punjab territories
• What challenges did the British face in Delhi during July-August 1857?

  They faced cholera and pressure from mutineers
• What reinforcements arrived in Delhi on 14 August 1857?

  Reinforcements included 32 guns and 2,000 men
• What was the outcome of the British assault on Delhi from 14-21 September 1857?

  Delhi was taken after a week of fighting
• What was significant about the Cawnpore location during the mutiny?

  Cawnpore was a major crossing point on the Ganges
• Who led the rebels in Cawnpore?

  Nana Sahib led the rebels in Cawnpore
• What happened to the British garrison in Cawnpore on 25 June 1857?

  They were ambushed after boarding boats
• What did Sir Henry Lawrence do when he heard of the rising?

  He fortified the Lucknow Residency
• What was the outcome of the siege of the Lucknow Residency?

  The Residency was besieged from June to November 1857
• What happened on 4 July 1857 in Lucknow?

  Lawrence was killed by a shell explosion
• What happened on 22 November 1857 in Lucknow?

  Campbell evacuated the Residency successfully
• What was the outcome of the British campaign in Central India?

  The mutiny effectively ended after June 1858
• What happened to Rani Lakshmi Bai during the mutiny?

  She escaped after the storming of Jhansi
• How did the British forces respond to the mutiny in Jhansi?

  They stormed and looted Jhansi in April 1858