polypeptide synthesis video

• What is the basic unit of all living tissue?

  Cell
• What structure is found in most human cells?

  Nucleus
• What does the nucleus contain in humans?

  Genome
• How many pairs of chromosomes are in the human genome?

  23 pairs
• What is tightly packaged around proteins called histones?

  DNA
• What are sections of DNA that contain instructions for making proteins called?

  Genes
• What enzyme attaches to the start of a gene during transcription?

  RNA polymerase
• What does RNA polymerase produce during transcription?

  Messenger RNA
• What determines the order of free bases added to messenger RNA?

  DNA code
• What is the process of making messenger RNA from DNA called?

  Transcription
• What must happen to messenger RNA before it can be used for protein production?

  It needs to be processed
• What does processing of messenger RNA involve?

  Removing and adding sections of RNA
• Where does messenger RNA move after processing?

  Cytoplasm
• What are the protein factories in the cytoplasm called?

  Ribosomes
• What does the ribosome do with messenger RNA?

  Reads the code to produce amino acids
• How many different types of amino acids are there?

  20
• What carries amino acids to the ribosome?

  Transfer RNA
• How is the messenger RNA read by the ribosome?

  Three bases at a time
• What happens when a triplet is read by the ribosome?

  A transfer RNA delivers the corresponding amino acid
• What occurs after the last amino acid is added to the chain?

  The chain folds into a complex 3D shape
• What is formed when the amino acid chain folds?

  Protein