short term effects

• oxygen debt:

  occurs as a result of anaerobic activity which leads to the production of lactic acid and causes muscle fatigue.

  oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen that must be breathed in to remove the lactic acid and recover from this activity.
• why does heart rate increase when a performer takes part in physical activity?

  during physical activity there is an increased demand for oxygen in the muscles

  due to the need to release more energy

  therefore, heart rate increases in order to deliver more oxygenated blood to the muscles.
• assess the importance of increased tidal volume to a 100m sprinter.

  a 100m sprint is an anaerobic event.

  so increased tidal volume would nor improve performance because the additional oxygen taken into the lungs would not be used during the sprint.

  however it is important as it would help improve the rate of recovery after the sprint by removing lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration.
• long term effects on cardio-respiratory system:

  increased resting stroke volume

  decreased resting heart rate

  increased lung capacity

  increased vital capacity

  increase in number of red blood cells.