PE - EP health, fitness and body systems

• What are poor lifestyle choices that can affect health?

  Sedentary behaviour, drugs, smoking, poor diet, alcohol
• What psychological effects can recreational drugs cause?

  Anxiety, paranoia, and addiction
• What physical effects can recreational drugs have?

  Cancer, CHD, and dementia
• What diseases are caused by smoking?

  Atherosclerosis, cancer, respiratory disease
• How does alcohol consumption affect health?

  Causes physiological or psychological disease
• What causes obesity?

  High calorific intake or sedentary behaviour
• What is coronary heart disease (CHD)?

  Blocked coronary arteries by fatty deposits
• What is atheroma?

  Fatty deposits containing cholesterol
• What does high blood pressure indicate?

  It is called hypertension
• What can atheroma cause?

  Blood clots blocking oxygenated blood supply
• What can a heart attack or stroke result from?

  Blocked supply of oxygenated blood
• What causes Type II diabetes?

  Insufficient insulin production by the pancreas
• What happens when you consume lots of sugar?

  You can become tolerant of insulin
• What are the health benefits of exercise?

  • Burns calories achieving energy balance
  • Decreases resting blood pressure
  • Helps control blood glucose
  • Reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
  • Increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
  • Prevents depression
  • Increases bone density
• What type of circulatory system does the cardiovascular system have?

  Double circulatory system
• What is the function of the heart in the cardiovascular system?

  It acts as a 4 chambered dual action pump
• What type of blood does the right side of the heart receive?

  De-oxygenated blood
• Where does the right side of the heart pump de-oxygenated blood?

  To the lungs for oxygen
• What type of blood does the left side of the heart receive?

  Oxygenated blood
• What is the function of systemic circulation?

  Delivers oxygenated blood to muscles and tissues
• What are the main types of blood vessels in the cardiovascular system?

  • Arteries: carry blood away from the heart
  • Capillaries: allow diffusion, 1 cell thick
  • Veins: return blood to the heart
• What is the structure of arteries?

  Thick muscular walls and small lumen
• Why do arteries have thick muscular walls?

  To cope with pressure
• What do arteries branch into?

  Arterioles then capillaries
• What is the thickness of capillaries?

  1 cell thick
• Why are capillaries 1 cell thick?

  To allow diffusion
• Where do capillaries surround in the pulmonary circuit?

  Lung tissues
• Where do capillaries surround in the systemic circuit?

  Active tissue
• What is the function of veins?

  Take blood back to the heart
• What is the structure of veins?

  Wider lumen and pocket valves
• What is the purpose of pocket valves in veins?

  To stop backflow of blood
• What do capillaries combine into?

  Venules then larger veins
• What is vascular shunting?

  Regulation of blood flow to muscles
• How does vasodilation affect blood vessels?

  It widens vessels to increase blood flow
• What is the role of vasoconstriction in vascular shunting?

  It narrows vessels to limit blood flow
• What do pre-capillary sphincters do?

  They regulate blood flow by opening and closing
• How much blood does an adult have?

  5 liters
• What components make up blood?

  Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma
• What are the functions of blood?

  Transport gases and nutrients, regulate temperature, protect, heal
• What is unique about cardiac tissue?

  It generates its own electrical impulse