Dna structure

• What is DNA made of?

  DNA is made of nucleotides
• What are the components of a nucleotide?

  Phosphate, sugar, and bases
• How many different nucleotides are in DNA?

  Four different nucleotides
• What are the four bases found in DNA?

  Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
• What forms the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA?

  Phosphate bonds on the sugar
• What is complementary base pairing in DNA?

  A pairs with T, C pairs with G
• How can you determine the complementary sequence of a DNA strand?

  By using complementary base pairing rules
• What is a generic code in DNA?

  • Sequence of bases
  • Example: T C T T A A C
  • Complementary strand: G C A G A T C
• What is a codon?

  A group of three bases coding for amino acids
• How does the order of codons affect protein synthesis?

  Different orders code for different amino acids
• What do triplets of bases in DNA code for?

  Amino acids
• What are the main functions of proteins?

  • Enzymes: biological catalysts
  • Hormones: send messages in the body
  • Structural proteins: add strength to cells and tissues
• What is the relationship between amino acids and proteins?

  Amino acids form proteins in unique sequences
• How does the sequence of amino acids affect proteins?

  It determines the protein's unique shape and function