ethical implications

• P: many groups in society have suffered the consequences of being excluded from research or being misrepresented when they are included

  E: it might be argued that our understanding of human behaviour has been lessened by our misinterpretations of representative samples of persons with disabilities, the elderly, the disadvantaged and members of minority cultures. these shortcomings mean that these groups miss out on any of the potential benefits of research
• link for marginalised groups

  L: this failure to fully include such groups in psychological research means our understanding of human behaviour has been unnecessarily restricted
• Some socially sensitive research has led to major benefits for individuals and society. For example, Loftus and Palmer’s work on eyewitness testimony, though potentially distressing, has improved the criminal justice system by highlighting memory inaccuracy. This shows that research with ethical implications can lead to positive social change.
• Ethical issues are not just about the people in the study, but also about how the findings affect wider society. For example, Bowlby’s maternal deprivation theory had major social impact, influencing childcare policy — but also unintentionally stigmatised working mothers. This shows why researchers must think carefully about the broader consequences of their work.