Histopathology

• What condition is shown in Figure 4-81 A, affecting a dog's urinary bladder?

  Urolithiasis
• According to Figure 4-81 B, what anatomical location in a cat contains multiple small uroliths?

  Urethra
• In Figure 4-81 C, what are the components found in the urinary bladder and urethra of a cat?

  Granular uroliths
• What secondary condition is seen alongside granular uroliths in Figure 4-81 C?

  Hemorrhagic cystitis
• According to Figure 4-81 C, what conditions are observed unilaterally?

  Hydroureter and hydronephrosis
• What type of calculus is shown in the renal pelvis of a dog in Figure 4-82 A?

  Staghorn calculus
• What condition is present in the equine kidney shown in Figure 4-82 B?

  Hydronephrosis

  
• What condition is shown in the dog's bladder in Figure 4-84?

  Emphysematous cystitis
• What specific type of cystitis is illustrated in a dog in Figure 4-85?

  Follicular cystitis
• According to Figure 4-83, where does impaction of multiple calculi occur in a steer?

  Sigmoid flexure of the penis
• In Figure 4-83, what condition results from the impaction of multiple calculi?

  Hemorrhagic urethritis
• According to Figure 4-87, what type of carcinoma affects the urinary bladder of a dog?

  Urothelial cell carcinoma
• What are the macroscopic changes observed in the calf kidneys?

  Tan-grey with pinpoint indentations

  
• What is the condition affecting the calf's kidneys?

  Renal dysplasia
• What replaces the normal cortical architecture in the calf kidney?

  Ectatic tubules, fibrosis, fetal glomeruli
• Where is the change largely restricted to in the calf kidney?

  Cortex
• What extends to the capsule in the cortex of the calf kidney?

  Fibrous connective tissue rays
• What do the fibrous connective tissue rays contain in the calf kidney?

  Fetal glomeruli and atrophic tubules
• What are the gross projections on the foal's kidney surface made of?

  Embolic microabscesses
• What outlines the glomeruli in the foal kidney?

  Microabscesses

  
• What infiltrates and effaces glomeruli in the foal kidney?

  Degenerate neutrophils and cellular debris
• What is contained within the fragmented tuft of a glomerulus in the foal kidney?

  Large bacterial colony
• Where are areas of inflammation scattered in the foal kidney?

  Throughout the cortex
• What do the areas of inflammation extend along in the foal kidney?

  Vessels into the outer medulla
• What are present in the equine kidney?

  Numerous subcapsular cysts
• What happens to the cortical tubules and Bowman's capsules in the equine kidney?

  Markedly dilated
• What is contained within the dilated tubules in the equine kidney?

  Sheave-like birefringent oxalate crystals
• What happens to the glomeruli number in the equine kidney?

  Decreased
• What happens to the glomeruli in the equine kidney?

  Markedly hypercellular with numerous synechiae
• What surrounds the tubules in the equine kidney?

  Markedly etatic tubules
• What happens to the interstitium in the equine kidney?

  Markedly expanded with fibrous connective tissue
• What is contained within the ectatic tubules largely within the medulla?

  Moderate to large numbers of neutrophils
• What are scattered throughout the chicken kidney?

  Rare gouty tophi
• What structures are necrotic and scattered throughout the chicken kidney?

  Tubules

  
• What surrounds the gouty tophi in the chicken kidney?

  Foreign body macrophages
• How are the kidneys changed in size in the chicken?

  Diffusely enlarged up to 3x normal
• What macroscopic appearance do the chicken kidneys have?

  Mottled pale to red in color, soft and friable

  
• What clinical sign did the cow display?

  Chronic intermittent hematuria
• What is the urinary bladder filled with in the cow?

  Urine admixed with blood and blood clots
• What macroscopic changes occur in the bladder wall?

  Multifocally thickened, ulcerated, or covered with fibrin