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Communicable Disease
Specific Immune System Response
Antibodies
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Created by
Melodi
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Cards (25)
What are antibodies also known as?
Immunoglobulins
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What is the quaternary structure of antibodies represented as?
Y-shaped
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How many polypeptide chains do antibodies have?
Four
polypeptide chains
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What bonds connect the heavy and light chains in antibodies?
Disulfide bonds
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What are the two types of polypeptide chains in antibodies?
Heavy
and light chains
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What are the two regions present in each polypeptide chain of antibodies?
Constant
region and
variable
region
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How do constant regions vary among antibodies?
They vary between
classes
of antibodies
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What determines the mechanism used to destroy antigens?
The
constant
region of antibodies
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How many classes of mammalian antibodies are there?
Five
classes
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What is unique about the amino acid sequence in the variable regions of antibodies?
It
differs
for each antibody
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Where does the antibody attach to the antigen?
At the
variable
region
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What is the antigen-binding site composed of?
110 to
130
amino acids
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What gives antibodies their specificity for binding to antigens?
The
variability
of antigen-binding sites
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What is an epitope?
The part of the
antigen
that binds to the
antibody
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Why might a pathogen present multiple antigens?
To require different
antibodies
for response
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What does the hinge region of an antibody provide?
Flexibility
to the
antibody
molecule
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Who produces antibodies?
B-lymphocytes
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What triggers the specific immune response?
Binding of
antibodies
to specific
antigens
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What types of substances can be antigens?
Pathogens
,
toxins
, and
blood cell
molecules
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How do antibodies destroy pathogens?
Directly or by recruiting other
immune
cells
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What are the three functions of antibodies?
Anti-toxins
,
opsonins
, and agglutinins
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How do antibodies act as anti-toxins?
By binding to and neutralizing toxins. This blocks them from entering cells
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What is opsonization?
Making
pathogens
identifiable to
phagocytes
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What does agglutination refer to in the context of antibodies?
Clumping
together of pathogens with complexes
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An antibody is
complementary
to one antigen