AO3

• Why is Duck’s mode useful (real world application)?

  It recognises that different repair strategies are more effective at some points in the breakdown than at others. For example, Duck recommends that people in the intra-psychic phase could be encouraged to focus their worrying on the positive aspects of their partner. Also, a feature of the dyadic phase is communication, any attempt to improve this and wider social skills could be beneficial in fostering greater stability in the relationship. Can be sued in relationships counselling
• What is a counterpoint to DUck’s model having real world application?

  Culture bias: the model is based on research into relationship breakdown in individualist cultures, especially the US.
• According to Moghaddam et al., relationships in individualist cultures are generally voluntary and frequently come to an end (e.g. divorce). But relationships in collectivist cultures are less easy to end and involve the wider family. In fact the whole conception of a romantic relationship differs between cultures.
• Limitation: the original model is incomplete
• Who added a fifth phase after grave dressing?

  Duck and Rollie
• What is the fifth phase added by Duck and Rollie?

  Resurrection phase
• What is the resurrection phase?

  Ex-partners apply to future relationships the experiences gained from their recently ended one (to prevent breakdown)
• The researchers also argue that progression from one phase to the next is not inevitable because it is possible to return to an earlier point in any phase. Finally, the process that occur in relationship breakdown are more important than linear movement from one phase to the next
• Another limitation is that it under-explains the early phases of breakdown. This is because much of the research is retrospective. Participants in research studies generally report their expenses some time after the relationship has ended, so what they recall might not always be accurate or reliable. This is especially true of the early stages. Partners can be in the intra-psychic phase for a long time so recall of it may be particularly distorted.