white dominions

• What are the 'White Dominions' also known as?

  Colonies of Settlement
• What are the four groups of white colonies from 1857-1914?

  • Australia
  • Canada
  • New Zealand
  • West Indies
• Who was a key figure in the early colonization of Australia?

  Captain James Cook
• How many separate colonies existed in Australia by 1850?

  Four separate colonies
• What led to a great population increase in Australia after 1850?

  Development of representative institutions
• What significant change occurred in Australia in the late nineteenth century regarding migration?

  Migration replaced transportation
• What caused Australia's population to treble in the 1850s?

  Gold Rush, improved transport, and growth
• What agricultural development was significant in Australia?

  Sheep farming
• What technological advancement aided sheep farming in Australia?

  Refrigerated steamships
• What infrastructure developments occurred in Australia during this period?

  Urbanization and transport infrastructure
• When did Australia achieve federation?

  1900
• What was the status of voting rights for indigenous Australians in 1900?

  Restricted at the federal level
• What were the two sides of Australian political identity in 1900?

  Loyalty to Britain and Greater Britain identity
• What was a continuing question regarding Australia and Britain in 1900?

  Relationship between Australia and Britain
• What were the indigenous Australians' concerns in the economy?

  Role in the economy and public sphere
• What were the roots of early colonization in Canada?

  Exploration and trade
• What was a significant challenge to life and exploration in Canada?

  Geographical challenges
• What was the key date for Canadian confederation?

  1867
• What was the impact of the British North America Act of 1867?

  Turned provinces into a federation
• What was the effect of the railway development in Canada?

  Linked different regions together
• What was a significant economic development in Canada?

  Large scale commercial farming
• What was the situation in Quebec during this period?

  Anglophone industry outflanked francophone farmers
• What were the attempts made towards indigenous peoples in Canada?

  Offering benefits of civilization
• What was the impact of the 'white economy' on indigenous lifestyles?

  Disruption to traditional lifestyles
• What was a significant treaty in New Zealand's colonization?

  Treaty of Waitangi
• What was the outcome of the Treaty of Waitangi?

  500 Maori chiefs accepted British control
• What were the tensions following the Treaty of Waitangi?

  Maori Wars continued until 1869
• What was a notable fact about the Maori Wars?

  Did not cause lasting bitterness
• How did settlers treat the Maori compared to other indigenous peoples?

  With more respect than others
• What was a significant aspect of immigration in New Zealand?

  Much immigration from Scotland and Ireland
• What was the 'creation myth' of New Zealand?

  A 'gentleman's colony' image
• What economic issues did the West Indies face after 1849?

  Removal of tariff preferences caused competition
• What was the historical significance of the West Indies?

  Slave trade and exploitation of slaves
• What was the political situation in most West Indian colonies?

  Had self-governing assemblies
• What happened in Jamaica in 1865 regarding governance?

  Constitution annulled, power returned to governor
• What were the factors influencing migration from the UK between 1850 and 1910?

  • 13 million people left the UK
  • 80% migrated to the USA
  • Irish favored the USA
• What were the factors holding the 'white dominions' to Britain?

  Family, trade, and military links
• What factors tended towards independence for the 'white dominions'?

  Growing demands for autonomy
• How did the First World War affect the relationship with the Dominions?

  Increased loyalty and military support
• What were the arguments regarding dominion status in the late 19th century?

  • Canada was the first Dominion in 1867
  • Settlers outnumbered Native Americans
  • British North America Act established federation
  • Canada ruled itself but linked to Britain