1789-1792: constitutional monarchy

• What were the grievances documented in the cahier de doléances?

  Complaints about the king and social issues
• What is the significance of the document 'What is the Third Estate?' published in January 1789?

  It argues for the importance of the Third Estate
• How did the opening of the Estates-General suggest its potential success?

  Confusion and lack of clear agenda indicated failure
• What humiliating procedures did the Third Estate have to follow during the Estates-General?

  Wore black suits and kept hats off
• What was the significance of the procession of the Estates-General on 4 May 1789?

  It included 1200 representatives from France
• When did the first meeting of the Estates-General take place?

  5 May 1789
• What was the king's stance during the first meeting of the Estates-General?

  He showed unwillingness to lose power
• What was the impact of Necker's speech during the first meeting?

  It caused disillusionment among the Third Estate
• What did the Third Estate realize by the end of the opening day?

  Only a union of estates could help them
• What was the first task of the National Assembly after its formation?

  To verify the credentials of elected members
• Why did the Third Estate refuse to meet separately from the First and Second Estates?

  They wanted voting by head confirmed first
• What significant action did the Third Estate take on 17 June?

  They voted to call themselves the 'National Assembly'
• Why was the clergy's decision to join the National Assembly significant?

  It showed a shift in support towards the Third Estate
• What event led to the Tennis Court Oath?

  The Third Estate found the doors locked
• What did the Tennis Court Oath signify for the Third Estate?

  It was their commitment to a new constitution
• How did the Royal session affect the National Assembly's members?

  It frustrated them due to lack of recognition
• What did Louis accept during the difficult Royal session?

  Consent for new taxation and fairer land tax
• What was the public's reaction to the king bringing extra troops to Paris on 26 June?

  It led to rumors of plots against the Assembly
• What happened to Necker on 11 July?

  He was dismissed and replaced by Breteuil
• How did the rising bread prices by 14 July affect the public sentiment?

  It increased tensions and fears of unrest
• What were the key events between May and July 1789 that led to the revolution?

  • Opening of the Estates-General
  • Humiliation of the Third Estate
  • Formation of the National Assembly
  • Tennis Court Oath
  • Royal session and troop movements
• What were the key turning points in the events leading to the revolution?

  • Third Estate's declaration as National Assembly
  • Tennis Court Oath commitment
  • King's acceptance of new taxation principles
  • Dismissal of Necker and troop buildup
• Who is Camille Desmoulins?

  A key figure in the French Revolution
• What happened on July 17 regarding the King?

  He addressed the crowd in Paris
• Who was the new Mayor of Paris after the storming of the Bastille?

  Bailly
• What did the King announce during his address on July 17?

  Reinstatement of Necker and acceptance of the National Assembly
• What is the significance of the King's announcement on July 17?

  It showed a shift in royal authority
• What actions did angry mobs take across France in July 1789?

  Attacked houses of magistrates and royal officials
• What was the nationwide impact of the events of July 1789?

  It showed widespread discontent with royal authority
• What was the Great Fear?

  A period of panic among peasants in France
• What did peasants believe during the Great Fear?

  Changes would end their burdens
• What actions did peasants take during the Great Fear?

  Refused to pay taxes and attacked landlords
• What were the economic issues contributing to the Great Fear?

  Spring drought followed by poor harvests
• What were the long-term political issues leading to the Great Fear?

  Expectations of reform from cahiers de doléances
• What were the main outcomes of the Great Fear?

  • Abolition of feudal rights
  • Series of decrees established
• What are the key points of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen?

  1. Men are free and equal in rights.
  2. Political association aims to preserve rights.
  3. Sovereignty resides in the nation.
  4. Liberty is freedom without harming others.
  5. Law prohibits harmful actions.
  6. Law expresses the general will.
  7. No arbitrary arrests without legal cause.
  8. Punishments must be legally defined.
  9. Innocence until proven guilty.
  10. Freedom of opinion is protected.
  11. Communication of ideas is a right.
  12. Public military forces ensure rights.
  13. Taxes must be equitably distributed.
  14. Citizens decide on public contributions.
  15. Public agents must account for administration.
  16. A constitution requires law observance.
  17. Property is a sacred right.
• What was the main consequence of the Great Fear?

  Abolition of feudal rights in France
• Why were changes made during the Great Fear?

  To address peasant demands and fears
• What does the Declaration of the Rights of Man signify about the National Assembly?

  It reflects their commitment to individual rights
• Why was the Declaration of the Rights of Man important?

  It established fundamental rights for citizens