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physics - midterms
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Cards (64)
What are the two types of waves?
Transverse
and
longitudinal
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How are oscillations in a transverse wave oriented?
Perpendicular to
energy transfer
direction
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How are oscillations in a longitudinal wave oriented?
Parallel to
energy transfer
direction
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What do longitudinal waves show?
Areas of
compression
and
rarefaction
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What type of wave are sound waves in air?
Longitudinal waves
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What evidence shows that waves travel and not the medium?
Ripples
move across water without water moving
Sound travels through air without air moving
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What are the four characteristics used to describe waves?
Amplitude
,
wavelength
,
frequency
,
period
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What is the amplitude of a wave?
Maximum
displacement
from
undisturbed
position
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How is wavelength defined?
Distance from
one
wave
point
to
equivalent
point
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What is the frequency of a wave?
Number of waves passing a point each
second
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What is the formula for period?
Period
[T] =
1/f
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What does the period of a wave represent?
Time
for one
wave
to pass a
point
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What is wave speed?
Speed at which
energy
is transferred
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What is the wave equation?
Wave speed
=
frequency
x
wavelength
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What happens to waves at the boundary of different materials?
They can be
reflected
,
absorbed
, or
transmitted
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How do you construct ray diagrams for a plane mirror?
Draw
incident
and
reflected
rays to locate image
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What are the properties of an image in a plane mirror?
Virtual
, same size,
laterally inverted
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How do you illustrate the refraction of a wave?
Draw
incident
and
refracted
rays at
boundary
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When does refraction not occur?
When wave enters at
90°
to surface
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What type of waves are electromagnetic waves?
Transverse waves
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What do electromagnetic waves transfer?
Energy
from
source
to
absorber
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How are electromagnetic waves grouped?
By
wavelength
and
frequency
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What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum from long to short wavelength?
Radio
,
microwave
,
infra-red
,
visible light
,
ultra-violet
,
X-rays
,
gamma-rays
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What can our eyes detect?
Visible light
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What are the hazardous effects of ultra-violet waves?
Can cause
skin
aging and skin cancer
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What are the effects of X-rays and gamma rays?
Can cause
gene mutation
and cancer
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What is radiation dose measured in?
Sieverts
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What are practical applications of electromagnetic waves?
Radio waves
: television and radio
Microwaves
: satellite communications, cooking
Infrared: electrical heaters, cooking, cameras
Visible light
: fibre optic communications
Ultraviolet
: energy-efficient lamps, tanning
X-rays
: medical imaging and treatments
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How can you measure the speed of sound waves in air?
Use
timing methods
or
echo techniques
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How can you measure the speed of ripples on water?
Use
timing methods
or wave
frequency
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How do sound waves affect solids?
They cause
vibrations
in the solid
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What happens to sound waves in the ear?
They cause the
ear drum
to vibrate
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What limits human hearing?
Frequency
range of sound wave vibrations
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What happens when insulating materials are rubbed together?
They become
electrically charged
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What happens to electrons when materials are rubbed?
Electrons are
transferred
from one material to another
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What charge does a material gain when it receives electrons?
Negatively
charged
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What charge does a material lose when it gives away electrons?
Positively
charged
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What happens when two charged objects are brought close together?
They exert a
force
on each other
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What happens when two objects with the same charge are near each other?
They
repel
each other
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What happens when two objects with different charges are near each other?
They
attract
each other
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See all 64 cards
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